{
 "page": "early-suburbs-bexley-upper-arlington-grandview-bathrooms-history.html",
 "url": "https://www.openshowerco.com/early-suburbs-bexley-upper-arlington-grandview-bathrooms-history.html",
 "title": "Bexley, Upper Arlington, Grandview Heights and Marble Cliff: only one was sold with its utilities",
 "record": "kb-wave-nine-2026-09",
 "generated": "2026-09-08",
 "how_to_read": "Every sentence on the page traces to one of these claims. status \"verified\" means two independent publishers state it; \"single\" means one named publisher, named in the page's sentence; \"conflict\" means the documents disagree and the page prints both.",
 "claims": [
  {
   "id": "C1",
   "claim": "Marble Cliff is the oldest of the four as a corporation: the village's own account says it was incorporated on October 12, 1901, as the Hamlet of Marble Cliff, and that it took its name from the nearby limestone quarries.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "Incorporated on October 12, 1901",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Village of Marble Cliff, Ohio",
     "title": "About the Village of Marble Cliff",
     "url": "https://marblecliff.org/about/",
     "published": "undated"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Grandview Heights/Marble Cliff Historical Society",
     "title": "Grandview Heights/Marble Cliff Historical Overview",
     "url": "https://www.ghmchs.org/grandview-heightsmarble-cliff-historical-overview",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C2",
   "claim": "Grandview Heights says it was incorporated in 1906 and became a charter city in 1931.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "incorporated in 1906 and became a charter city in 1931",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "City of Grandview Heights, Ohio",
     "title": "Your Government",
     "url": "https://www.grandviewheights.gov/78/Your-Government",
     "published": "undated"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Grandview Heights/Marble Cliff Historical Society",
     "title": "Grandview Heights/Marble Cliff Historical Overview",
     "url": "https://www.ghmchs.org/grandview-heightsmarble-cliff-historical-overview",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C3",
   "claim": "The Ohio historical marker in Bexley records that the Village of Bexley was incorporated on June 13, 1908, and that the first council met on August 10.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "The Village of Bexley was incorporated June 13, 1908",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "The Historical Marker Database",
     "title": "Bexley marker, Bullitt Park, Bexley, Franklin County, Ohio, with photographs of the tablet",
     "url": "https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=20510",
     "published": "2009-07-04"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C4",
   "claim": "Bexley was formed when two adjoining neighborhoods, Bullitt Park to the north and Pleasant Ridge to the south, combined in 1908.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "Bullit Park to the north and Pleasant Ridge to the south combined",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "City of Bexley, Ohio",
     "title": "About Us",
     "url": "https://bexley.org/about/",
     "published": "undated"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Bexley Historical Society",
     "title": "Bexley - A History: How it all Began",
     "url": "https://bexleyhistoricalsociety.org/research/about-bexley/bexley-a-history/bexley-a-history-beginnings/",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C5",
   "claim": "Bexley's charter form of city government became operative on January 1, 1932.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "A charter form of city government became operative January 1, 1932",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "The Historical Marker Database",
     "title": "Bexley marker, Bullitt Park, Bexley, Franklin County, Ohio, with photographs of the tablet",
     "url": "https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=20510",
     "published": "2009-07-04"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Bexley Public Library",
     "title": "Village Hall",
     "url": "https://bexley.libnet.info/village-hall",
     "published": "undated"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Bexley Historical Society",
     "title": "Bexley - A History: How Bexley Grew",
     "url": "https://bexleyhistoricalsociety.org/research/about-bexley/bexley-a-history/bexley-a-history-how-bexley-grew/",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C6",
   "claim": "Upper Arlington is the youngest of the four: the city says the Village of Upper Arlington was incorporated on March 20, 1918, after the community had grown to about 200 residents.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "on March 20 of that year, the Village of Upper Arlington was incorporated",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "City of Upper Arlington, Ohio",
     "title": "Our Early Development",
     "url": "https://www.upperarlingtonoh.gov/440/Our-Early-Development",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C7",
   "claim": "The National Register nomination for the Upper Arlington Historic District says the brothers King and Ben Thompson bought the land from James T. Miller on December 24, 1913.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "purchased \"1000 acres\" northwest of Columbus, Ohio from James T. Miller",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "National Park Service, National Register of Historic Places",
     "title": "Upper Arlington Historic District nomination, reference number 85002694",
     "url": "https://catalog.archives.gov/medialz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_OH/85002694.pdf",
     "published": "1985"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "City of Upper Arlington, Ohio",
     "title": "Our Early Development",
     "url": "https://www.upperarlingtonoh.gov/440/Our-Early-Development",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C8",
   "claim": "The Census Bureau counted 7,396 people in Bexley, 6,358 in Grandview Heights, 3,059 in Upper Arlington and 318 in Marble Cliff in 1930; by 1950 the counts were 12,578, 7,659, 9,024 and 437.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "POPULATION OF COUNTIES BY MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1930 TO 1950",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "United States Census Bureau",
     "title": "1950 Census of Population, Volume I: Number of Inhabitants, Ohio chapter, Table 6",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/population-volume-1/vol-01-38.pdf",
     "published": "1952"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C9",
   "claim": "The developers' own sales brochure for the Country Club District, the tract that became Upper Arlington, dated by the archive to about 1914, printed a section headed NO CONVENIENCE LACKING and promised that sewers, water, gas and street lights would be provided by the company.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "sewers, water, gas and street lights, will be provided by the Company",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "The King Thompson Company, digitized by Upper Arlington Public Library",
     "title": "\"The Country Club District,\" The King Thompson Company, Circa 1914",
     "url": "https://www.uaarchives.org/digital/collection/p15062coll1/id/5735",
     "published": "circa 1914 (archive catalog estimate)"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C10",
   "claim": "The same brochure promised a complete system of sanitary sewers with its own disposal plant, sized to serve the whole district as it developed.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "A complete system of sanitary sewers with disposal plant will be installed.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "The King Thompson Company, digitized by Upper Arlington Public Library",
     "title": "\"The Country Club District,\" The King Thompson Company, Circa 1914",
     "url": "https://www.uaarchives.org/digital/collection/p15062coll1/id/5735",
     "published": "circa 1914 (archive catalog estimate)"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C11",
   "claim": "The brochure told buyers where their water would come from: the City of Columbus filtration plant.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "The water will be supplied from the City of Columbus Filtration Plant.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "The King Thompson Company, digitized by Upper Arlington Public Library",
     "title": "\"The Country Club District,\" The King Thompson Company, Circa 1914",
     "url": "https://www.uaarchives.org/digital/collection/p15062coll1/id/5735",
     "published": "circa 1914 (archive catalog estimate)"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C12",
   "claim": "The brochure also promised gas from the Columbus Gas and Fuel Company off a high pressure main, ornamental concrete lighting standards in place of wood poles, and streets paved with tar-bound macadam, concrete or asphalt.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "The streets will be paved in a permanent manner with tar-bound macadam",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "The King Thompson Company, digitized by Upper Arlington Public Library",
     "title": "\"The Country Club District,\" The King Thompson Company, Circa 1914",
     "url": "https://www.uaarchives.org/digital/collection/p15062coll1/id/5735",
     "published": "circa 1914 (archive catalog estimate)"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C13",
   "claim": "The developers' magazine, the Norwester, told readers in January 1918 what had gone into the ground in 1916: miles of sewer, gas and water lines, along with curbing, sidewalk and pavement.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "Miles of sewer, gas and water lines were put into position.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "The Upper Arlington Company, digitized by Upper Arlington Public Library",
     "title": "Norwester, January 1918",
     "url": "https://www.uaarchives.org/digital/collection/p4036coll9/id/260",
     "published": "1918-01"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C14",
   "claim": "In March 1918 the Norwester announced the season's work on sixteen blocks of new streets: curbs, sidewalks, water, sewer, gas and electric light lines.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "Curbs, sidewalks, water, sewer, gas and electric light lines will be installed",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "The Upper Arlington Company, digitized by Upper Arlington Public Library",
     "title": "Norwester, March 1918",
     "url": "https://www.uaarchives.org/digital/collection/p4036coll9/id/364",
     "published": "1918-03"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C15",
   "claim": "A separate company, the Upper Arlington Company, was set up in 1917 and, by the local historical society's account, was formed to manage the streets, sewers and water lines of the Country Club District.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "the streets, sewers, and water lines of the Country Club District",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Grandview Heights/Marble Cliff Historical Society",
     "title": "Northwest Boulevard Company",
     "url": "https://www.ghmchs.org/northwest-boulevard-company",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C16",
   "claim": "The National Register nomination points out that Ohio had no zoning laws in 1915, so the controls on building types, land use, lot sizes and setbacks in Upper Arlington were written into deed restrictions instead.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "No zoning laws existed in Ohio in 1915",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "National Park Service, National Register of Historic Places",
     "title": "Upper Arlington Historic District nomination, reference number 85002694",
     "url": "https://catalog.archives.gov/medialz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_OH/85002694.pdf",
     "published": "1985"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C17",
   "claim": "The Upper Arlington Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985; the nomination describes about 1,121 mostly residential buildings on 536 acres, of which 137 were counted as non-contributing.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "There are approximately 1121 mostly residential buildings with the 536 acre proposed district",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "National Park Service, National Register of Historic Places",
     "title": "Upper Arlington Historic District nomination, reference number 85002694",
     "url": "https://catalog.archives.gov/medialz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_OH/85002694.pdf",
     "published": "1985"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "City of Upper Arlington, Ohio",
     "title": "Demolition Process in the Historic District, a reference guide for Upper Arlington residents",
     "url": "https://www.upperarlingtonoh.gov/DocumentCenter/View/547/Guide-to-Demolition-in-the-Historic-District-PDF",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C18",
   "claim": "In 1907 the Ohio State Board of Health's engineer reported on a proposed private sewage plant in the village of Grandview and wrote that there were no sewers in the district at that time, and that the owners were finding it difficult to sell their property as a result.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "There are no sewers in this district at present",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio State Board of Health",
     "title": "Annual Report of the State Board of Health of the State of Ohio, 1907",
     "url": "https://archive.org/download/annualreportofst1907ohio/annualreportofst1907ohio_djvu.txt",
     "published": "1908"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C19",
   "claim": "The board refused those plans on July 23, 1907, because the treated sewage would have entered the Scioto River about a mile and a half above the intake for the Columbus water supply, and said that a main sewer running into the Columbus system would be the better answer for Grandview, Arlington and Marble Cliff.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "build a main sewer for this territory discharging into the system",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio State Board of Health",
     "title": "Annual Report of the State Board of Health of the State of Ohio, 1907",
     "url": "https://archive.org/download/annualreportofst1907ohio/annualreportofst1907ohio_djvu.txt",
     "published": "1908"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C20",
   "claim": "In April 1909 the same board reported that Marble Cliff had no system of sewers at all and that the sewage from its houses went into gullies and cesspools, which it said tended to pollute the Scioto River near the Columbus water intake.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "the sewage from the various residences is discharged into gullies and cesspools",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio State Board of Health",
     "title": "Annual Report of the State Board of Health of the State of Ohio, 1909",
     "url": "https://archive.org/download/annualreportofst1909ohio/annualreportofst1909ohio_djvu.txt",
     "published": "1910"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C21",
   "claim": "The board described Marble Cliff in 1909 as a small residential village of about 150 people covering about 120 acres, and approved its plans for sanitary sewers and a sewage purification plant on April 21, 1909.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "Marble Cliff is a small residential village having a population of about 150",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio State Board of Health",
     "title": "Annual Report of the State Board of Health of the State of Ohio, 1909",
     "url": "https://archive.org/download/annualreportofst1909ohio/annualreportofst1909ohio_djvu.txt",
     "published": "1910"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C22",
   "claim": "In 1911 the board's inspector found that the attendant at the Marble Cliff sewage purification plant did not sufficiently understand how to run it, and the village council appointed a new man.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "the attendant at the sewage purification plant at Marble Cliff did not sufficiently understand",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio State Board of Health",
     "title": "Annual Report of the State Board of Health of the State of Ohio, 1911",
     "url": "https://archive.org/download/annualreportofst1911ohio/annualreportofst1911ohio_djvu.txt",
     "published": "1912"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C23",
   "claim": "In November 1910 the state board reported on plans for a water supply and a sewerage system for Grandview Heights and recorded that the village then had neither, with many houses discharging into an open ditch and storm water sewer.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "the village has neither a public water supply nor sewerage system",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio State Board of Health",
     "title": "Annual Report of the State Board of Health of the State of Ohio, 1910",
     "url": "https://archive.org/download/annualreportofst1910ohio/annualreportofst1910ohio_djvu.txt",
     "published": "1911"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C24",
   "claim": "Grandview Heights was designed from the start to be an extension of the Columbus systems: the plans the state board approved on December 14, 1910 drew water from the City of Columbus through a twelve-inch cast iron main and sent sewage to the Columbus intercepting sewer under the Olentangy River through a siphon of two eight-inch pipes.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "no more than an extension of the Columbus improvements into a new district",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio State Board of Health",
     "title": "Annual Report of the State Board of Health of the State of Ohio, 1910",
     "url": "https://archive.org/download/annualreportofst1910ohio/annualreportofst1910ohio_djvu.txt",
     "published": "1911"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C25",
   "claim": "The historical society for Grandview Heights and Marble Cliff says the roughly two hundred residents asked for water and electricity, were refused, and voted in 1906 to incorporate as the Village of Grandview Heights.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "they voted in 1906 to incorporate as the Village of Grandview Heights",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Grandview Heights/Marble Cliff Historical Society",
     "title": "Grandview Heights/Marble Cliff Historical Overview",
     "url": "https://www.ghmchs.org/grandview-heightsmarble-cliff-historical-overview",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C26",
   "claim": "In 1912 the state board called the attention of Bexley's health officer to the state of Alum Creek, which it said was being caused by sewage and other wastes discharged within the village.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "the condition of the creek caused by the discharge of sewage and other wastes",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio State Board of Health",
     "title": "Annual Report of the State Board of Health of the State of Ohio, 1912",
     "url": "https://archive.org/download/annualreportofst1912ohio/annualreportofst1912ohio_djvu.txt",
     "published": "1913"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C27",
   "claim": "At a hearing on January 22, 1913 Bexley's village solicitor told the state board that the village had tried to get permission to connect its sewers to the Columbus sewer system and that the city would not enter into such an agreement.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "the city would not enter into such agreement",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio State Board of Health",
     "title": "Annual Report of the State Board of Health of the State of Ohio, 1913",
     "url": "https://archive.org/download/annualreportofst1913ohio/annualreportofst1913ohio_djvu.txt",
     "published": "1914"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C28",
   "claim": "The state board approved Bexley's site for sewage treatment works in 1913 on condition that plans be filed before September 1, 1913 and the works be installed before October 1, 1914.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "the works be installed prior to October 1, 1914",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio State Board of Health",
     "title": "Annual Report of the State Board of Health of the State of Ohio, 1913",
     "url": "https://archive.org/download/annualreportofst1913ohio/annualreportofst1913ohio_djvu.txt",
     "published": "1914"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C29",
   "claim": "When the state board approved Bexley's sewer plans in May 1913 it attached a condition that shows the village had no public water supply yet: no house could be connected to the new sewers until a public water supply had been installed to flush them.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "sewer flushing shall have been made by the installation of a public water supply",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio State Board of Health",
     "title": "Annual Report of the State Board of Health of the State of Ohio, 1913",
     "url": "https://archive.org/download/annualreportofst1913ohio/annualreportofst1913ohio_djvu.txt",
     "published": "1914"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C30",
   "claim": "Bexley's own historical society says the ground the village grew on had already been improved once, for an army: Camp Bushnell stood on about 500 acres of the Bullitt Park Addition in April and May 1898, and infrastructure improvements were brought east from Columbus so the camp could function.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "Infrastructure improvements were brought east from Columbus in order for the camp to function",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Bexley Historical Society",
     "title": "Bexley - A History: Camp Bushnell",
     "url": "https://bexleyhistoricalsociety.org/research/about-bexley/bexley-a-history/bexley-a-history-camp-bushnell/",
     "published": "undated"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "The Historical Marker Database",
     "title": "Bexley marker, Bullitt Park, Bexley, Franklin County, Ohio, with photographs of the tablet",
     "url": "https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=20510",
     "published": "2009-07-04"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C31",
   "claim": "By the 1940 census these suburbs had almost no houses without a bath of their own. Of the Bexley dwelling units reporting, 8 had no private bath; in Grandview Heights 9 did; in Upper Arlington 3 did.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "All dwelling units by state of repair and plumbing equipment",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "United States Census Bureau",
     "title": "Sixteenth Census of the United States: 1940. Housing, Volume I: Data for Small Areas, Part 2, Ohio chapter, Tables 5 and 7",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1940/housing-volume-1/housing-v1p2-ch3.pdf",
     "published": "1943"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C32",
   "claim": "The same 1940 table counted 12,359 dwelling units with no private bath in the city of Columbus, out of 77,574 reporting, and 21,274 in Franklin County as a whole, out of 98,989 reporting.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "All dwelling units by state of repair and plumbing equipment",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "United States Census Bureau",
     "title": "Sixteenth Census of the United States: 1940. Housing, Volume I: Data for Small Areas, Part 2, Ohio chapter, Tables 5 and 7",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1940/housing-volume-1/housing-v1p2-ch3.pdf",
     "published": "1943"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C33",
   "claim": "Repairs were a different story from plumbing. In the 1940 census 217 Grandview Heights dwelling units were recorded as needing major repairs, against 33 in Bexley and 17 in Upper Arlington.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "All dwelling units by state of repair and plumbing equipment",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "United States Census Bureau",
     "title": "Sixteenth Census of the United States: 1940. Housing, Volume I: Data for Small Areas, Part 2, Ohio chapter, Tables 5 and 7",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1940/housing-volume-1/housing-v1p2-ch3.pdf",
     "published": "1943"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C34",
   "claim": "Marble Cliff appears in no census housing table of this period, because the 1940 and 1950 housing volumes stop at places of 1,000 inhabitants and the village had 331 people in 1940 and 437 in 1950.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "INCORPORATED PLACES OF 1,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1940",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "United States Census Bureau",
     "title": "Sixteenth Census of the United States: 1940. Housing, Volume I: Data for Small Areas, Part 2, Ohio chapter, Tables 5 and 7",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1940/housing-volume-1/housing-v1p2-ch3.pdf",
     "published": "1943"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "United States Census Bureau",
     "title": "1950 Census of Housing, Volume I: General Characteristics, Part 5, Ohio chapter, Tables 18, 20 and 23",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/housing-volume-1/36965082v1p5ch03.pdf",
     "published": "1953"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "United States Census Bureau",
     "title": "1950 Census of Population, Volume I: Number of Inhabitants, Ohio chapter, Table 6",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/population-volume-1/vol-01-38.pdf",
     "published": "1952"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C35",
   "claim": "In the 1950 census Grandview Heights had 2,277 dwelling units, of which 1 had no bathtub or shower and 1 had a toilet that was not a flush toilet inside the structure.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "PLUMBING FACILITIES, YEAR BUILT, AND EQUIPMENT, FOR URBAN PLACES OF 2,500 TO 10,000",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "United States Census Bureau",
     "title": "1950 Census of Housing, Volume I: General Characteristics, Part 5, Ohio chapter, Tables 18, 20 and 23",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/housing-volume-1/36965082v1p5ch03.pdf",
     "published": "1953"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C36",
   "claim": "Upper Arlington in 1950 had 2,818 dwelling units, of which 2 had no bathtub or shower and 3 had other toilet facilities, the census category that includes a privy.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "Other toilet facilities (including privy)",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "United States Census Bureau",
     "title": "1950 Census of Housing, Volume I: General Characteristics, Part 5, Ohio chapter, Tables 18, 20 and 23",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/housing-volume-1/36965082v1p5ch03.pdf",
     "published": "1953"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C37",
   "claim": "Bexley, large enough by 1950 for the census table of cities of ten thousand or more, had 3,653 dwelling units, of which 3,551 were recorded as not dilapidated and having a private toilet and bath and hot running water.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "CONDITION AND PLUMBING FACILITIES, FOR STANDARD METROPOLITAN AREAS",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "United States Census Bureau",
     "title": "1950 Census of Housing, Volume I: General Characteristics, Part 5, Ohio chapter, Tables 18, 20 and 23",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/housing-volume-1/36965082v1p5ch03.pdf",
     "published": "1953"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C38",
   "claim": "The 1950 census also asked when the houses were built, and in all three of the places it measured the single biggest decade was the same one. In Bexley 1,480 of 3,420 dwelling units reporting were built between 1920 and 1929; in Grandview Heights 1,100 of 2,110; in Upper Arlington 635 of 2,665.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "[Asterisk (*) denotes statistics based on 20-percent sample]",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "United States Census Bureau",
     "title": "1950 Census of Housing, Volume I: General Characteristics, Part 5, Ohio chapter, Tables 18, 20 and 23",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/housing-volume-1/36965082v1p5ch03.pdf",
     "published": "1953"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C39",
   "claim": "Electric light was universal in all three by 1950: the census recorded 3,620 of 3,620 Bexley units reporting with electric lights, 2,250 of 2,250 in Grandview Heights and 2,775 of 2,775 in Upper Arlington.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "Percent with electric lights",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "United States Census Bureau",
     "title": "1950 Census of Housing, Volume I: General Characteristics, Part 5, Ohio chapter, Tables 18, 20 and 23",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/housing-volume-1/36965082v1p5ch03.pdf",
     "published": "1953"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C40",
   "claim": "By the Census Bureau's American Community Survey, 91.2 percent of Bexley's housing units, 86.2 percent of Marble Cliff's, 85.0 percent of Upper Arlington's and 68.9 percent of Grandview Heights' were built in 1979 or earlier.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "GEO_ID|B25034_E001",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "United States Census Bureau",
     "title": "American Community Survey 2019-2023 five-year estimates, table B25034 Year Structure Built, table-based summary file",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b25034.dat",
     "published": "2024"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "United States Census Bureau",
     "title": "American Community Survey 2023 five-year geography lookup file, Geos20235YR.txt",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/documentation/Geos20235YR.txt",
     "published": "2024"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C41",
   "claim": "On the oldest category the order changes: 44.9 percent of Grandview Heights' housing units were built in 1939 or earlier, against 42.4 percent in Bexley, 37.5 percent in Marble Cliff and 11.9 percent in Upper Arlington.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "GEO_ID|B25034_E001",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "United States Census Bureau",
     "title": "American Community Survey 2019-2023 five-year estimates, table B25034 Year Structure Built, table-based summary file",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b25034.dat",
     "published": "2024"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "United States Census Bureau",
     "title": "American Community Survey 2023 five-year geography lookup file, Geos20235YR.txt",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/documentation/Geos20235YR.txt",
     "published": "2024"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C42",
   "claim": "All four buy from Columbus today. Bexley says its water and sewer services are purchased from the City of Columbus and billed through its own city hall.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "purchased from the City of Columbus, with billing to the residents of Bexley",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "City of Bexley, Ohio",
     "title": "Water Department",
     "url": "https://bexley.org/water/",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C43",
   "claim": "Grandview Heights says the City of Columbus maintains all the potable water provided to the city, and Upper Arlington says its potable water comes from the Columbus Dublin Road and Morse Road plants while its sanitary sewer carries wastewater to the Jackson Pike plant.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "provided by the City of Columbus from the Dublin Road and Morse Road plants",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "City of Grandview Heights, Ohio",
     "title": "Frequently Asked Questions",
     "url": "https://www.grandviewheights.gov/409/Frequently-Asked-Questions",
     "published": "undated"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "City of Upper Arlington, Ohio",
     "title": "Public Works Division",
     "url": "https://www.upperarlingtonoh.gov/289/Public-Works-Division",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C44",
   "claim": "The arrangement Upper Arlington describes today is not the one its circa-1914 brochure promised: the brochure said the company would build a sanitary sewer system with its own disposal plant, and the city now sends its wastewater to a Columbus plant.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "the Jackson Pike plant for treatment prior to being discharged into the Scioto River",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "The King Thompson Company, digitized by Upper Arlington Public Library",
     "title": "\"The Country Club District,\" The King Thompson Company, Circa 1914",
     "url": "https://www.uaarchives.org/digital/collection/p15062coll1/id/5735",
     "published": "circa 1914 (archive catalog estimate)"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "City of Upper Arlington, Ohio",
     "title": "Public Works Division",
     "url": "https://www.upperarlingtonoh.gov/289/Public-Works-Division",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  }
 ],
 "conflicts": [
  {
   "claim_id": "C5",
   "a": "Bexley became a city in 1931",
   "a_source": "Bexley Historical Society, How Bexley Grew",
   "b": "The charter form of city government became operative January 1, 1932",
   "b_source": "Ohio historical marker in Bullitt Park (S26) and Bexley Public Library (S27) give the specific charter date; City of Bexley's own About page (S21) corroborates only the bare year 1932, not the charter/January 1 wording",
   "printed": "print 1932, and January 1 with the charter-government wording only as sourced to the marker and library: two publishers give the specific date, the city's own page corroborates the year, and the tablet's supporting 1930 population of 7,396 matches the Census Bureau exactly"
  },
  {
   "claim_id": "C7",
   "a": "The Thompsons purchased \"1000 acres\", the actual acreage somewhat less",
   "a_source": "National Register nomination, 1985 (S13)",
   "b": "King and Ben Thompson purchased 840 acres",
   "b_source": "City of Upper Arlington, Our Early Development (S14)",
   "printed": "print both, in the sources' own words: the nomination puts the thousand acres in quotation marks and corrects it in the same sentence, and the city gives 840"
  },
  {
   "claim_id": "C17",
   "a": "Listed in October 1985",
   "a_source": "Upper Arlington Historical Society",
   "b": "In 1985 (no month)",
   "b_source": "City of Upper Arlington demolition guide (S15)",
   "printed": "RESOLVED on verification: print September 30, 1985. A second, clearer pass of the nomination scan (S13) shows the National Register's own \"date entered\" stamp reading SEP 30 1985, with a \"received\" stamp of JUL 23 1985 -- overriding both the historical society's October and the demolition guide's bare year."
  }
 ],
 "sources": [
  {
   "id": "S1",
   "publisher": "United States Census Bureau",
   "title": "Sixteenth Census of the United States: 1940. Housing, Volume I: Data for Small Areas, Part 2, Ohio chapter, Tables 5 and 7",
   "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1940/housing-volume-1/housing-v1p2-ch3.pdf",
   "published": "1943"
  },
  {
   "id": "S2",
   "publisher": "United States Census Bureau",
   "title": "1950 Census of Housing, Volume I: General Characteristics, Part 5, Ohio chapter, Tables 18, 20 and 23",
   "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/housing-volume-1/36965082v1p5ch03.pdf",
   "published": "1953"
  },
  {
   "id": "S3",
   "publisher": "United States Census Bureau",
   "title": "1950 Census of Population, Volume I: Number of Inhabitants, Ohio chapter, Table 6",
   "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/population-volume-1/vol-01-38.pdf",
   "published": "1952"
  },
  {
   "id": "S4",
   "publisher": "Ohio State Board of Health",
   "title": "Annual Report of the State Board of Health of the State of Ohio, 1907",
   "url": "https://archive.org/download/annualreportofst1907ohio/annualreportofst1907ohio_djvu.txt",
   "published": "1908"
  },
  {
   "id": "S5",
   "publisher": "Ohio State Board of Health",
   "title": "Annual Report of the State Board of Health of the State of Ohio, 1909",
   "url": "https://archive.org/download/annualreportofst1909ohio/annualreportofst1909ohio_djvu.txt",
   "published": "1910"
  },
  {
   "id": "S6",
   "publisher": "Ohio State Board of Health",
   "title": "Annual Report of the State Board of Health of the State of Ohio, 1910",
   "url": "https://archive.org/download/annualreportofst1910ohio/annualreportofst1910ohio_djvu.txt",
   "published": "1911"
  },
  {
   "id": "S7",
   "publisher": "Ohio State Board of Health",
   "title": "Annual Report of the State Board of Health of the State of Ohio, 1911",
   "url": "https://archive.org/download/annualreportofst1911ohio/annualreportofst1911ohio_djvu.txt",
   "published": "1912"
  },
  {
   "id": "S8",
   "publisher": "Ohio State Board of Health",
   "title": "Annual Report of the State Board of Health of the State of Ohio, 1912",
   "url": "https://archive.org/download/annualreportofst1912ohio/annualreportofst1912ohio_djvu.txt",
   "published": "1913"
  },
  {
   "id": "S9",
   "publisher": "Ohio State Board of Health",
   "title": "Annual Report of the State Board of Health of the State of Ohio, 1913",
   "url": "https://archive.org/download/annualreportofst1913ohio/annualreportofst1913ohio_djvu.txt",
   "published": "1914"
  },
  {
   "id": "S10",
   "publisher": "The King Thompson Company, digitized by Upper Arlington Public Library",
   "title": "\"The Country Club District,\" The King Thompson Company, Circa 1914",
   "url": "https://www.uaarchives.org/digital/collection/p15062coll1/id/5735",
   "published": "circa 1914 (archive catalog estimate)"
  },
  {
   "id": "S11",
   "publisher": "The Upper Arlington Company, digitized by Upper Arlington Public Library",
   "title": "Norwester, January 1918",
   "url": "https://www.uaarchives.org/digital/collection/p4036coll9/id/260",
   "published": "1918-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "S12",
   "publisher": "The Upper Arlington Company, digitized by Upper Arlington Public Library",
   "title": "Norwester, March 1918",
   "url": "https://www.uaarchives.org/digital/collection/p4036coll9/id/364",
   "published": "1918-03"
  },
  {
   "id": "S13",
   "publisher": "National Park Service, National Register of Historic Places",
   "title": "Upper Arlington Historic District nomination, reference number 85002694",
   "url": "https://catalog.archives.gov/medialz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_OH/85002694.pdf",
   "published": "1985"
  },
  {
   "id": "S14",
   "publisher": "City of Upper Arlington, Ohio",
   "title": "Our Early Development",
   "url": "https://www.upperarlingtonoh.gov/440/Our-Early-Development",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S15",
   "publisher": "City of Upper Arlington, Ohio",
   "title": "Demolition Process in the Historic District, a reference guide for Upper Arlington residents",
   "url": "https://www.upperarlingtonoh.gov/DocumentCenter/View/547/Guide-to-Demolition-in-the-Historic-District-PDF",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S17",
   "publisher": "Grandview Heights/Marble Cliff Historical Society",
   "title": "Grandview Heights/Marble Cliff Historical Overview",
   "url": "https://www.ghmchs.org/grandview-heightsmarble-cliff-historical-overview",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S19",
   "publisher": "City of Grandview Heights, Ohio",
   "title": "Your Government",
   "url": "https://www.grandviewheights.gov/78/Your-Government",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S20",
   "publisher": "Village of Marble Cliff, Ohio",
   "title": "About the Village of Marble Cliff",
   "url": "https://marblecliff.org/about/",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S21",
   "publisher": "City of Bexley, Ohio",
   "title": "About Us",
   "url": "https://bexley.org/about/",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S22",
   "publisher": "City of Bexley, Ohio",
   "title": "Water Department",
   "url": "https://bexley.org/water/",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S23",
   "publisher": "Bexley Historical Society",
   "title": "Bexley - A History: How it all Began",
   "url": "https://bexleyhistoricalsociety.org/research/about-bexley/bexley-a-history/bexley-a-history-beginnings/",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S25",
   "publisher": "Bexley Historical Society",
   "title": "Bexley - A History: Camp Bushnell",
   "url": "https://bexleyhistoricalsociety.org/research/about-bexley/bexley-a-history/bexley-a-history-camp-bushnell/",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S26",
   "publisher": "The Historical Marker Database",
   "title": "Bexley marker, Bullitt Park, Bexley, Franklin County, Ohio, with photographs of the tablet",
   "url": "https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=20510",
   "published": "2009-07-04"
  },
  {
   "id": "S27",
   "publisher": "Bexley Public Library",
   "title": "Village Hall",
   "url": "https://bexley.libnet.info/village-hall",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S28",
   "publisher": "Grandview Heights/Marble Cliff Historical Society",
   "title": "Northwest Boulevard Company",
   "url": "https://www.ghmchs.org/northwest-boulevard-company",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S29",
   "publisher": "United States Census Bureau",
   "title": "American Community Survey 2019-2023 five-year estimates, table B25034 Year Structure Built, table-based summary file",
   "url": "https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b25034.dat",
   "published": "2024"
  },
  {
   "id": "S30",
   "publisher": "United States Census Bureau",
   "title": "American Community Survey 2023 five-year geography lookup file, Geos20235YR.txt",
   "url": "https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/documentation/Geos20235YR.txt",
   "published": "2024"
  },
  {
   "id": "S31",
   "publisher": "City of Grandview Heights, Ohio",
   "title": "Frequently Asked Questions",
   "url": "https://www.grandviewheights.gov/409/Frequently-Asked-Questions",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S32",
   "publisher": "City of Upper Arlington, Ohio",
   "title": "Public Works Division",
   "url": "https://www.upperarlingtonoh.gov/289/Public-Works-Division",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S33",
   "publisher": "Bexley Historical Society",
   "title": "Bexley - A History: How Bexley Grew",
   "url": "https://bexleyhistoricalsociety.org/research/about-bexley/bexley-a-history/bexley-a-history-how-bexley-grew/",
   "published": "undated"
  }
 ]
}