{
 "page": "king-lincoln-district-bathrooms-and-sanitation-history.html",
 "url": "https://www.openshowerco.com/king-lincoln-district-bathrooms-and-sanitation-history.html",
 "title": "The King-Lincoln District, Poindexter Village and the bathroom on the Near East Side",
 "record": "kb-wave-nine-2026-09",
 "generated": "2026-09-08",
 "how_to_read": "Every sentence on the page traces to one of these claims. status \"verified\" means two independent publishers state it; \"single\" means one named publisher, named in the page's sentence; \"conflict\" means the documents disagree and the page prints both.",
 "claims": [
  {
   "id": "C1",
   "claim": "The federal housing department's own case study of the Poindexter Village redevelopment calls the surrounding neighborhood the Near East Side and places it between downtown Columbus and the city of Bexley.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "one of the nation's first public housing projects",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research (HUD USER)",
     "title": "Columbus, Ohio: Choice Neighborhoods Initiative Fuels Redevelopment of Historic Public Housing",
     "url": "https://www.huduser.gov/portal/casestudies/study-121323.html",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C2",
   "claim": "The Columbus Metropolitan Library files its Poindexter Village photographs under the neighborhood name King-Lincoln Bronzeville.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "King-Lincoln Bronzeville",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Columbus Metropolitan Library (Columbus Memory digital collections)",
     "title": "Poindexter Village, photograph by the City of Columbus Slum Clearance Commission, 1954 (item p16802coll28/248147)",
     "url": "https://digital-collections.columbuslibrary.org/digital/collection/p16802coll28/id/248147",
     "published": "1954"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C3",
   "claim": "The National Register nomination for the Lincoln Theatre says the Panhandle Railroad shops on the near east side, which employed African Americans, led to migration to the east side in the 1890s.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "led to African-American migration to the east side In the 1890s",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "National Park Service (nomination held by the National Archives)",
     "title": "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, Lincoln Theatre, 77 E. Long Street, Columbus (reference 92001355)",
     "url": "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/71988593",
     "published": "1992"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C4",
   "claim": "The National Register nomination for the Lincoln Theatre puts the African American population of Columbus at just over 9,000 in 1900 and almost 39,000 in 1940.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "from Just over 9,000 in 1900 to almost 39,000 in 1940",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "National Park Service (nomination held by the National Archives)",
     "title": "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, Lincoln Theatre, 77 E. Long Street, Columbus (reference 92001355)",
     "url": "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/71988593",
     "published": "1992"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C5",
   "claim": "The National Register nomination quotes a November 1922 article in The Crisis describing an East Long Street business district serving a community of 25,000 African Americans in a city of 250,000.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "a community of 25,000 African-Americans (out of a total Columbus population of 250,000)",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "National Park Service (nomination held by the National Archives)",
     "title": "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, Lincoln Theatre, 77 E. Long Street, Columbus (reference 92001355)",
     "url": "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/71988593",
     "published": "1992"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C6",
   "claim": "The National Register nomination for The Edna says a Bronzeville movement began in Columbus in 1936 and that the city elected a Bronzeville mayor in 1938 after mapping out the neighborhood, which took in East Long Street.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "Columbus followed in 1938 after delineating the Bronzeville neighborhood",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "National Park Service",
     "title": "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, The Edna, 877-881 E. Long Street, Columbus (reference 100000665)",
     "url": "https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/GetAsset/NRHP/100000665_text",
     "published": "2017"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C7",
   "claim": "The Lincoln Theatre at 77 East Long Street opened as the Ogden Theatre and Ballroom on Thanksgiving Day, but the two accounts that were opened give different years: the National Register nomination says 1929 and the theatre's own history says 1928.",
   "status": "conflict",
   "quote": "the Lincoln Theatre opened on Thanksgiving Day in 1929",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "National Park Service (nomination held by the National Archives)",
     "title": "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, Lincoln Theatre, 77 E. Long Street, Columbus (reference 92001355)",
     "url": "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/71988593",
     "published": "1992"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "The Lincoln Theatre, Columbus",
     "title": "Our History",
     "url": "https://www.lincolntheatrecolumbus.com/about/history/",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C8",
   "claim": "The National Register nomination says the theatre's name was changed to the Lincoln Theatre in 1939.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "In 1939 the name was changed to the Lincoln Theatre",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "National Park Service (nomination held by the National Archives)",
     "title": "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, Lincoln Theatre, 77 E. Long Street, Columbus (reference 92001355)",
     "url": "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/71988593",
     "published": "1992"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C9",
   "claim": "The National Park Service records the Lincoln Theatre as listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 8, 1992.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "Lincoln Theatre",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "National Park Service",
     "title": "National Register of Historic Places spatial data (nrhp_locations map service), Franklin County, Ohio records",
     "url": "https://mapservices.nps.gov/arcgis/rest/services/cultural_resources/nrhp_locations/MapServer/0",
     "published": "undated"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "The Lincoln Theatre, Columbus",
     "title": "Our History",
     "url": "https://www.lincolntheatrecolumbus.com/about/history/",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C10",
   "claim": "Four other buildings on the Long Street and Mount Vernon Avenue corridors carry National Register listing dates: the Pythian Temple and James Pythian Theater at 861-867 Mount Vernon Avenue in 1983, Shiloh Baptist Church at 720 Mount Vernon Avenue in 2004, the Theresa Building at 823 East Long Street in 2015 and The Edna at 877-881 East Long Street in 2017.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "Pythian Temple and James Pythian Theater",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "National Park Service",
     "title": "National Register of Historic Places spatial data (nrhp_locations map service), Franklin County, Ohio records",
     "url": "https://mapservices.nps.gov/arcgis/rest/services/cultural_resources/nrhp_locations/MapServer/0",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C11",
   "claim": "Poindexter Village was built on the former site of a settlement known as the Blackberry Patch.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "The 414-unit housing project was constructed on the former site of the Blackberry Patch",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research (HUD USER)",
     "title": "Columbus, Ohio: Choice Neighborhoods Initiative Fuels Redevelopment of Historic Public Housing",
     "url": "https://www.huduser.gov/portal/casestudies/study-121323.html",
     "published": "undated"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio History Connection (Unvarnished project)",
     "title": "Columbus, Ohio, Unvarnished local spotlight",
     "url": "https://www.unvarnishedhistory.org/local-spotlights/columbus-ohio/",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C12",
   "claim": "The Ohio History Connection describes the Blackberry Patch as a neighborhood of substandard housing and sanitation that emerged on the Near East Side out of a lack of housing choice.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "the Blackberry Patch, a neighborhood of substandard housing and sanitation",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio History Connection (Unvarnished project)",
     "title": "Columbus, Ohio, Unvarnished local spotlight",
     "url": "https://www.unvarnishedhistory.org/local-spotlights/columbus-ohio/",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C13",
   "claim": "The Ohio History Connection says the Blackberry Patch was razed in the 1930s.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "The Blackberry Patch was razed in the 1930s",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio History Connection (Unvarnished project)",
     "title": "Columbus, Ohio, Unvarnished local spotlight",
     "url": "https://www.unvarnishedhistory.org/local-spotlights/columbus-ohio/",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C14",
   "claim": "The Ohio History Connection says many people from the Blackberry Patch moved into Poindexter Village but there was not room for all of them, and that fewer than 100 units of replacement housing were left available to former residents anywhere in the city.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "fewer than 100 units of replacement housing available to its former residents",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio History Connection (Unvarnished project)",
     "title": "Columbus, Ohio, Unvarnished local spotlight",
     "url": "https://www.unvarnishedhistory.org/local-spotlights/columbus-ohio/",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C15",
   "claim": "The Poindexter Village construction journal, kept as the work went on and digitized by the Columbus Metropolitan Library from an Ohio History Connection collection, carries photographs dated June 16, 1939 of the demolition of structures on the site.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "photographs, dated 6-16-39, of the demolition of structures on parcel #175",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Columbus Metropolitan Library (Columbus Memory digital collections)",
     "title": "Poindexter Village Construction Journal Volume 1 Page 4 with 2 Photos (Poindexter Village Collection, item african/25004)",
     "url": "https://digital-collections.columbuslibrary.org/digital/collection/african/id/25004",
     "published": "1939"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C16",
   "claim": "The Columbus Metropolitan Housing Authority opened Poindexter Village in 1940, and the federal housing department describes it as one of the nation's first public housing projects.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "one of the nation's first public housing projects",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research (HUD USER)",
     "title": "Columbus, Ohio: Choice Neighborhoods Initiative Fuels Redevelopment of Historic Public Housing",
     "url": "https://www.huduser.gov/portal/casestudies/study-121323.html",
     "published": "undated"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio History Connection",
     "title": "Poindexter Village History",
     "url": "https://www.ohiohistory.org/visit/browse-historical-sites/poindexter-village-history/",
     "published": "undated"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Columbus Landmarks",
     "title": "Poindexter Village Story Unfolds",
     "url": "https://columbuslandmarks.org/critical-advocacy-issue-poindexter-village/",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C17",
   "claim": "The number of apartments at Poindexter Village is given differently by different publishers: the federal housing department and WOSU say 414, the Ohio History Connection says 400, and The Columbus Foundation says 333.",
   "status": "conflict",
   "quote": "The original Poindexter Village included 414 apartments in 35 buildings.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research (HUD USER)",
     "title": "Columbus, Ohio: Choice Neighborhoods Initiative Fuels Redevelopment of Historic Public Housing",
     "url": "https://www.huduser.gov/portal/casestudies/study-121323.html",
     "published": "undated"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "WOSU Public Media",
     "title": "For Residents, New Homes And Old Memories At Poindexter Village",
     "url": "https://www.wosu.org/news/2017-03-06/for-residents-new-homes-and-old-memories-at-poindexter-village",
     "published": "2017-03-06"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio History Connection",
     "title": "Poindexter Village History",
     "url": "https://www.ohiohistory.org/visit/browse-historical-sites/poindexter-village-history/",
     "published": "undated"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "The Columbus Foundation",
     "title": "The Power of Place: Poindexter Village",
     "url": "https://columbusfoundation.org/at-the-table-blog/poindexter-village-and-the-power-of-place",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C18",
   "claim": "Poindexter Village stood on 27 acres and had 35 buildings.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "It had 27 acres and 35 buildings.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Columbus Metropolitan Library (Columbus Memory digital collections)",
     "title": "Poindexter Village, photograph by the City of Columbus Slum Clearance Commission, 1954 (item p16802coll28/248147)",
     "url": "https://digital-collections.columbuslibrary.org/digital/collection/p16802coll28/id/248147",
     "published": "1954"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "WOSU Public Media",
     "title": "For Residents, New Homes And Old Memories At Poindexter Village",
     "url": "https://www.wosu.org/news/2017-03-06/for-residents-new-homes-and-old-memories-at-poindexter-village",
     "published": "2017-03-06"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "The Columbus Foundation",
     "title": "The Power of Place: Poindexter Village",
     "url": "https://columbusfoundation.org/at-the-table-blog/poindexter-village-and-the-power-of-place",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C19",
   "claim": "The Columbus Metropolitan Library gives the Poindexter Village address as 240 North Champion Avenue, Columbus.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "240 N. Champion Ave. Columbus, Ohio 43203",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Columbus Metropolitan Library (Columbus Memory digital collections)",
     "title": "Poindexter Village, photograph by the City of Columbus Slum Clearance Commission, 1954 (item p16802coll28/248147)",
     "url": "https://digital-collections.columbuslibrary.org/digital/collection/p16802coll28/id/248147",
     "published": "1954"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C20",
   "claim": "The Roosevelt Presidential Library's day-by-day log for October 12, 1940 records that the President arrived in Columbus at ten in the morning, inspected Fort Hayes and the Poindexter Housing Project, and left at half past eleven.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "inspects Fort Hayes and Poindexter Housing Project",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library (Pare Lorentz Center)",
     "title": "FDR: Day by Day, October 12th, 1940",
     "url": "http://www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/daybyday/daylog/october-12th-1940/",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C21",
   "claim": "The Ohio History Connection and The Columbus Foundation both describe that day as the dedication of Poindexter Village by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "Dedicated by Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1940",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio History Connection",
     "title": "Poindexter Village African American Museum",
     "url": "https://www.ohiohistory.org/visit/browse-historical-sites/poindexter-village/",
     "published": "undated"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "The Columbus Foundation",
     "title": "The Power of Place: Poindexter Village",
     "url": "https://columbusfoundation.org/at-the-table-blog/poindexter-village-and-the-power-of-place",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C22",
   "claim": "The Ohio History Connection says the Poindexter Village apartments had steam heat, gas stoves and other amenities that were not available in the Blackberry Patch.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "The units featured steam heat, gas stoves, and other amenities",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio History Connection (Unvarnished project)",
     "title": "Columbus, Ohio, Unvarnished local spotlight",
     "url": "https://www.unvarnishedhistory.org/local-spotlights/columbus-ohio/",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C23",
   "claim": "Poindexter Village was named for the Reverend James Preston Poindexter, who lived from 1819 to 1907, pastored Second Baptist Church for thirty years and in 1880 became the first African American elected to Columbus City Council.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "the first African American elected to the Columbus City Council",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio History Connection",
     "title": "Poindexter Village History",
     "url": "https://www.ohiohistory.org/visit/browse-historical-sites/poindexter-village-history/",
     "published": "undated"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Columbus Landmarks",
     "title": "Poindexter Village Story Unfolds",
     "url": "https://columbuslandmarks.org/critical-advocacy-issue-poindexter-village/",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C24",
   "claim": "Poindexter Village is not listed on the National Register of Historic Places; a search of the National Park Service's own register data returns no Ohio property of that name.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "Lincoln Theatre",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "National Park Service",
     "title": "National Register of Historic Places spatial data (nrhp_locations map service), Franklin County, Ohio records",
     "url": "https://mapservices.nps.gov/arcgis/rest/services/cultural_resources/nrhp_locations/MapServer/0",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C25",
   "claim": "Demolition of Poindexter Village went ahead in 2013; an expert committee reported on June 27, 2013 recommending that ten buildings be kept, and the housing authority answered on July 19, 2013 that only two would be saved.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "the decision had been made to save only two buildings",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Columbus Landmarks",
     "title": "Poindexter Village Story Unfolds",
     "url": "https://columbuslandmarks.org/critical-advocacy-issue-poindexter-village/",
     "published": "undated"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research (HUD USER)",
     "title": "Columbus, Ohio: Choice Neighborhoods Initiative Fuels Redevelopment of Historic Public Housing",
     "url": "https://www.huduser.gov/portal/casestudies/study-121323.html",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C26",
   "claim": "The two surviving buildings passed to the Ohio History Connection, which gives the year as 2017, while the federal housing department's case study says the housing authority sold them in 2016.",
   "status": "conflict",
   "quote": "acquired the historic Poindexter Village site from the Columbus Metropolitan Housing Authority",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio History Connection",
     "title": "Poindexter Village African American Museum",
     "url": "https://www.ohiohistory.org/visit/browse-historical-sites/poindexter-village/",
     "published": "undated"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research (HUD USER)",
     "title": "Columbus, Ohio: Choice Neighborhoods Initiative Fuels Redevelopment of Historic Public Housing",
     "url": "https://www.huduser.gov/portal/casestudies/study-121323.html",
     "published": "undated"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Columbus Metropolitan Library (Columbus Memory digital collections)",
     "title": "Poindexter Village, photograph by the City of Columbus Slum Clearance Commission, 1954 (item p16802coll28/248147)",
     "url": "https://digital-collections.columbuslibrary.org/digital/collection/p16802coll28/id/248147",
     "published": "1954"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C27",
   "claim": "The Ohio History Connection says the Poindexter Village African American Museum is coming in 2028.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "Coming soon in 2028, discover one of the nation's first public housing models",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio History Connection",
     "title": "Poindexter Village African American Museum",
     "url": "https://www.ohiohistory.org/visit/browse-historical-sites/poindexter-village/",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C28",
   "claim": "In the 1940 census the Census Bureau counted 85,014 Columbus city dwelling units reporting toilet facilities, of which 4,348, or 5.1 percent, had an outside toilet or privy and 261 had no toilet or privy at all.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "Outside toilet or privy",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau",
     "title": "Sixteenth Census of the United States 1940, Housing, Volume II, General Characteristics, Part 4, Ohio chapter, Table 7, printed page 580",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1940/housing-volume-2/housing-v2p4-ch7.pdf",
     "published": "1943"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C29",
   "claim": "In the same 1940 census the Census Bureau counted 85,032 Columbus city dwelling units reporting bathing equipment, of which 71,602, or 84.2 percent, had a bathtub or shower for their exclusive use, 5,811, or 6.8 percent, shared one, and 7,619, or 9.0 percent, had none in the structure.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "BATHTUB OR SHOWER IN STRUCTURE",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau",
     "title": "Sixteenth Census of the United States 1940, Housing, Volume II, General Characteristics, Part 4, Ohio chapter, Table 7, printed page 580",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1940/housing-volume-2/housing-v2p4-ch7.pdf",
     "published": "1943"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C30",
   "claim": "In the 1940 census the Census Bureau found running water in the dwelling unit for 83,583 of the 85,355 Columbus city units reporting water supply, or 97.9 percent, with 1,312 more drawing running water from within fifty feet.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "Running water in dwelling unit",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau",
     "title": "Sixteenth Census of the United States 1940, Housing, Volume II, General Characteristics, Part 4, Ohio chapter, Table 7, printed page 580",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1940/housing-volume-2/housing-v2p4-ch7.pdf",
     "published": "1943"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C31",
   "claim": "On the 1940 census's combined measure of repair and plumbing, 76.0 percent of the Columbus city dwelling units reporting were not in need of major repairs and had a private bath and a private flush toilet, and a further 8.1 percent had both but did need major repairs.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "With private bath and priv. flush toilet",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau",
     "title": "Sixteenth Census of the United States 1940, Housing, Volume II, General Characteristics, Part 4 (Nebraska to Pennsylvania), Ohio chapter, Table 6, printed page 577",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1940/housing-volume-2/housing-v2p4-ch7.pdf",
     "published": "1943"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C32",
   "claim": "The 1940 census reported that same measure separately by color of occupants: of the 5,924 Columbus city tenant-occupied units the Census Bureau recorded under nonwhite tenants, 3,561 had a private bath and a private flush toilet, against 32,933 of the 40,684 recorded under white tenants.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "Nonwhite tenants",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau",
     "title": "Sixteenth Census of the United States 1940, Housing, Volume II, General Characteristics, Part 4 (Nebraska to Pennsylvania), Ohio chapter, Table 6, printed page 577",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1940/housing-volume-2/housing-v2p4-ch7.pdf",
     "published": "1943"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C33",
   "claim": "The Census Bureau published tract figures for Columbus in a 1950 bulletin, Census Tract Statistics, Columbus, Ohio and Adjacent Area, issued as Volume III, Chapter 13 in October 1952, which divided the city into tracts numbered 1 to 61.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "CENSUS TRACT STATISTICS COLUMBUS OHIO AND ADJACENT AREA",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau",
     "title": "1950 United States Census of Population, Volume III, Census Tract Statistics, Chapter 13: Columbus, Ohio and Adjacent Area, Table 3, printed pages 25 to 28",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/population-volume-3/41557421v3p1ch8.pdf",
     "published": "1952-10"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C34",
   "claim": "The 1950 census reported condition and plumbing as one combined item, so its published categories are no private bath or dilapidated and no running water or dilapidated, and a dwelling unit falls into them either for want of the fixture or for the condition of the building.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "No private bath or dilapidated",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau",
     "title": "1950 United States Census of Population, Volume III, Census Tract Statistics, Chapter 13: Columbus, Ohio and Adjacent Area, Table 3, printed pages 25 to 28",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/population-volume-3/41557421v3p1ch8.pdf",
     "published": "1952-10"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C35",
   "claim": "For the city of Columbus as a whole in 1950 the Census Bureau put 19,458 of the 108,286 dwelling units reporting, about 18 percent, in the category no private bath or dilapidated, and 5,764 of them, about 5 percent, in no running water or dilapidated.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "No private bath or dilapidated",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau",
     "title": "1950 United States Census of Population, Volume III, Census Tract Statistics, Chapter 13: Columbus, Ohio and Adjacent Area, Table 3, printed pages 25 to 28",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/population-volume-3/41557421v3p1ch8.pdf",
     "published": "1952-10"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C36",
   "claim": "In census tract 29, which the bulletin's own map bounds by St. Clair Avenue, the Panhandle railroad, Ohio Avenue and Mount Vernon Avenue, the Census Bureau put 740 of the 1,437 dwelling units reporting, about 52 percent, in the category no private bath or dilapidated.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "No private bath or dilapidated",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau",
     "title": "1950 United States Census of Population, Volume III, Census Tract Statistics, Chapter 13: Columbus, Ohio and Adjacent Area, Table 3, printed pages 25 to 28",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/population-volume-3/41557421v3p1ch8.pdf",
     "published": "1952-10"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau",
     "title": "1950 Census Tract Statistics, Columbus, Ohio and Adjacent Area, map: Columbus, Ohio, and Adjacent Areas by Census Tracts, Part 1, Tracts in Columbus city",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/population-volume-3/41557421v3p1ch8.pdf",
     "published": "1952-10"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C37",
   "claim": "In that same tract 29 the Census Bureau put 532 of the 1,437 dwelling units reporting, about 37 percent, in the category no running water or dilapidated, against about 5 percent for the city as a whole.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "No running water or dilapidated",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau",
     "title": "1950 United States Census of Population, Volume III, Census Tract Statistics, Chapter 13: Columbus, Ohio and Adjacent Area, Table 3, printed pages 25 to 28",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/population-volume-3/41557421v3p1ch8.pdf",
     "published": "1952-10"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau",
     "title": "1950 Census Tract Statistics, Columbus, Ohio and Adjacent Area, map: Columbus, Ohio, and Adjacent Areas by Census Tracts, Part 1, Tracts in Columbus city",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/population-volume-3/41557421v3p1ch8.pdf",
     "published": "1952-10"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C38",
   "claim": "In census tract 36, which the map places between Mount Vernon Avenue and Broad Street west of Ohio Avenue, the Census Bureau put 585 of 1,739 dwelling units reporting, about 34 percent, in the category no private bath or dilapidated.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "No private bath or dilapidated",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau",
     "title": "1950 United States Census of Population, Volume III, Census Tract Statistics, Chapter 13: Columbus, Ohio and Adjacent Area, Table 3, printed pages 25 to 28",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/population-volume-3/41557421v3p1ch8.pdf",
     "published": "1952-10"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau",
     "title": "1950 Census Tract Statistics, Columbus, Ohio and Adjacent Area, map: Columbus, Ohio, and Adjacent Areas by Census Tracts, Part 1, Tracts in Columbus city",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/population-volume-3/41557421v3p1ch8.pdf",
     "published": "1952-10"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C39",
   "claim": "In census tract 28, which the map bounds on the west by Ohio Avenue and on the east by Taylor Avenue, and so takes in the North Champion Avenue address of Poindexter Village, the Census Bureau put 292 of 2,126 dwelling units reporting, about 14 percent, in the category no private bath or dilapidated, below the figure for the city as a whole.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "No private bath or dilapidated",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau",
     "title": "1950 United States Census of Population, Volume III, Census Tract Statistics, Chapter 13: Columbus, Ohio and Adjacent Area, Table 3, printed pages 25 to 28",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/population-volume-3/41557421v3p1ch8.pdf",
     "published": "1952-10"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau",
     "title": "1950 Census Tract Statistics, Columbus, Ohio and Adjacent Area, map: Columbus, Ohio, and Adjacent Areas by Census Tracts, Part 1, Tracts in Columbus city",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/population-volume-3/41557421v3p1ch8.pdf",
     "published": "1952-10"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Columbus Metropolitan Library (Columbus Memory digital collections)",
     "title": "Poindexter Village, photograph by the City of Columbus Slum Clearance Commission, 1954 (item p16802coll28/248147)",
     "url": "https://digital-collections.columbuslibrary.org/digital/collection/p16802coll28/id/248147",
     "published": "1954"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C40",
   "claim": "The same 1950 table shows how old that housing was: in tract 29 the Census Bureau put 850 of the 1,165 dwelling units reporting a year built at 1919 or earlier, and only five at 1940 or later.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "1919 or earlier",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau",
     "title": "1950 United States Census of Population, Volume III, Census Tract Statistics, Chapter 13: Columbus, Ohio and Adjacent Area, Table 3, printed pages 25 to 28",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/population-volume-3/41557421v3p1ch8.pdf",
     "published": "1952-10"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C41",
   "claim": "The National Register nomination for The Edna says that during the 1960s more than 14,000 residents were displaced by interstate highway construction through the near east side.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "over 14,000 residents were displaced by interstate highway construction through the area",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "National Park Service",
     "title": "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, The Edna, 877-881 E. Long Street, Columbus (reference 100000665)",
     "url": "https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/GetAsset/NRHP/100000665_text",
     "published": "2017"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C42",
   "claim": "The National Register nomination for The Edna, an East Long Street building put up in 1905, describes each of its third-floor apartments as having a parlor at the front and a kitchen and bathroom at the rear.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "at the rear are a kitchen and bathroom, forming the south end",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "National Park Service",
     "title": "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, The Edna, 877-881 E. Long Street, Columbus (reference 100000665)",
     "url": "https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/GetAsset/NRHP/100000665_text",
     "published": "2017"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C43",
   "claim": "In the 1950 tract bulletin, tract 40 held 1,750 of 2,573 dwelling units reporting in the category no private bath or dilapidated, about 68 percent, and tract 39 held 1,503 of 3,130, about 48 percent; both lie south and west of downtown on the bulletin map, outside the Near East Side.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "No private bath or dilapidated",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau",
     "title": "1950 United States Census of Population, Volume III, Census Tract Statistics, Chapter 13: Columbus, Ohio and Adjacent Area, Table 3, printed pages 25 to 28",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/population-volume-3/41557421v3p1ch8.pdf",
     "published": "1952-10"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C44",
   "claim": "The federal housing department's case study of the Poindexter Village redevelopment describes the Blackberry Patch as a successful settlement of the Great Migration and home to Black entrepreneurs, families, musicians and community leaders, naming the Reverend James Preston Poindexter among them.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "a successful settlement of the Great Migration",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research (HUD USER)",
     "title": "Columbus, Ohio: Choice Neighborhoods Initiative Fuels Redevelopment of Historic Public Housing",
     "url": "https://www.huduser.gov/portal/casestudies/study-121323.html",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C45",
   "claim": "The Ohio History Connection describes Poindexter Village as a low-rise apartment complex built exclusively for Columbus' Black population.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "built exclusively for Columbus' Black population",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio History Connection",
     "title": "Poindexter Village History",
     "url": "https://www.ohiohistory.org/visit/browse-historical-sites/poindexter-village-history/",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  }
 ],
 "conflicts": [
  {
   "claim_id": "C7",
   "a": "opened on Thanksgiving Day in 1929",
   "a_source": "S6",
   "b": "debuted on Thanksgiving Day 1928",
   "b_source": "S18",
   "printed": "print both, attributed. The National Register form is internally inconsistent: its narrative says 1929 while its Period of Significance field reads 1928-1942."
  },
  {
   "claim_id": "C17",
   "a": "414 apartments",
   "a_source": "S1",
   "b": "400 units, and 333 units",
   "b_source": "S2 and S16",
   "printed": "print 414 with the federal housing department named, and say that published counts differ. Do not average and do not pick silently."
  },
  {
   "claim_id": "C26",
   "a": "the housing authority sold the buildings to the Ohio History Connection in 2016",
   "a_source": "S1",
   "b": "the Ohio History Connection acquired the site in 2017",
   "b_source": "S3, S12",
   "printed": "print both years, or print neither and say the buildings passed to the Ohio History Connection in the second half of the 2010s. ADDED ON VERIFICATION: S12's own Columbus Metropolitan Library catalog description independently gives 2017 ('In 2017, the Ohio History Connection purchased these two remaining buildings'), so 2017 now carries two publishers (Ohio History Connection and the City of Columbus/Columbus Metropolitan Library) against 2016's one (the HUD case study). That asymmetry does not resolve the conflict but should weigh with the writer if a single year must be chosen."
  },
  {
   "claim_id": "C20",
   "a": "inspects Fort Hayes and Poindexter Housing Project, in the President's own day log",
   "a_source": "S4",
   "b": "Dedicated by Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1940",
   "b_source": "S3",
   "printed": "print both as the two separate things they are. The date, October 12, 1940, is supported by all three publishers; the word dedicated is not in the federal log."
  },
  {
   "claim_id": "C16",
   "a": "one of the nation's first public housing projects",
   "a_source": "S1, S2, S14",
   "b": "the first public housing development in Ohio, and the second in the country",
   "b_source": "S16",
   "printed": "ADDED ON VERIFICATION (this conflict was missed by the original research pass, which stated the second-in-the-country phrase appeared in no opened source; it appears in S16, already cited on this sheet). Print only the one of the first framing, attributed to a named publisher. Do not print second in the country -- it is a single Tier C source (The Columbus Foundation) set against three Tier A/B publishers using the weaker framing, and the two-source rule does not let a lone Tier C source override that."
  }
 ],
 "sources": [
  {
   "id": "S1",
   "publisher": "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research (HUD USER)",
   "title": "Columbus, Ohio: Choice Neighborhoods Initiative Fuels Redevelopment of Historic Public Housing",
   "url": "https://www.huduser.gov/portal/casestudies/study-121323.html",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S2",
   "publisher": "Ohio History Connection",
   "title": "Poindexter Village History",
   "url": "https://www.ohiohistory.org/visit/browse-historical-sites/poindexter-village-history/",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S3",
   "publisher": "Ohio History Connection",
   "title": "Poindexter Village African American Museum",
   "url": "https://www.ohiohistory.org/visit/browse-historical-sites/poindexter-village/",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S4",
   "publisher": "Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library (Pare Lorentz Center)",
   "title": "FDR: Day by Day, October 12th, 1940",
   "url": "http://www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/daybyday/daylog/october-12th-1940/",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S5",
   "publisher": "National Park Service",
   "title": "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, The Edna, 877-881 E. Long Street, Columbus (reference 100000665)",
   "url": "https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/GetAsset/NRHP/100000665_text",
   "published": "2017"
  },
  {
   "id": "S6",
   "publisher": "National Park Service (nomination held by the National Archives)",
   "title": "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, Lincoln Theatre, 77 E. Long Street, Columbus (reference 92001355)",
   "url": "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/71988593",
   "published": "1992"
  },
  {
   "id": "S7",
   "publisher": "National Park Service",
   "title": "National Register of Historic Places spatial data (nrhp_locations map service), Franklin County, Ohio records",
   "url": "https://mapservices.nps.gov/arcgis/rest/services/cultural_resources/nrhp_locations/MapServer/0",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S8",
   "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau",
   "title": "Sixteenth Census of the United States 1940, Housing, Volume II, General Characteristics, Part 4 (Nebraska to Pennsylvania), Ohio chapter, Table 6, printed page 577",
   "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1940/housing-volume-2/housing-v2p4-ch7.pdf",
   "published": "1943"
  },
  {
   "id": "S9",
   "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau",
   "title": "Sixteenth Census of the United States 1940, Housing, Volume II, General Characteristics, Part 4, Ohio chapter, Table 7, printed page 580",
   "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1940/housing-volume-2/housing-v2p4-ch7.pdf",
   "published": "1943"
  },
  {
   "id": "S10",
   "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau",
   "title": "1950 United States Census of Population, Volume III, Census Tract Statistics, Chapter 13: Columbus, Ohio and Adjacent Area, Table 3, printed pages 25 to 28",
   "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/population-volume-3/41557421v3p1ch8.pdf",
   "published": "1952-10"
  },
  {
   "id": "S11",
   "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau",
   "title": "1950 Census Tract Statistics, Columbus, Ohio and Adjacent Area, map: Columbus, Ohio, and Adjacent Areas by Census Tracts, Part 1, Tracts in Columbus city",
   "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/population-volume-3/41557421v3p1ch8.pdf",
   "published": "1952-10"
  },
  {
   "id": "S12",
   "publisher": "Columbus Metropolitan Library (Columbus Memory digital collections)",
   "title": "Poindexter Village, photograph by the City of Columbus Slum Clearance Commission, 1954 (item p16802coll28/248147)",
   "url": "https://digital-collections.columbuslibrary.org/digital/collection/p16802coll28/id/248147",
   "published": "1954"
  },
  {
   "id": "S13",
   "publisher": "WOSU Public Media",
   "title": "For Residents, New Homes And Old Memories At Poindexter Village",
   "url": "https://www.wosu.org/news/2017-03-06/for-residents-new-homes-and-old-memories-at-poindexter-village",
   "published": "2017-03-06"
  },
  {
   "id": "S14",
   "publisher": "Columbus Landmarks",
   "title": "Poindexter Village Story Unfolds",
   "url": "https://columbuslandmarks.org/critical-advocacy-issue-poindexter-village/",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S15",
   "publisher": "Ohio History Connection (Unvarnished project)",
   "title": "Columbus, Ohio, Unvarnished local spotlight",
   "url": "https://www.unvarnishedhistory.org/local-spotlights/columbus-ohio/",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S16",
   "publisher": "The Columbus Foundation",
   "title": "The Power of Place: Poindexter Village",
   "url": "https://columbusfoundation.org/at-the-table-blog/poindexter-village-and-the-power-of-place",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S17",
   "publisher": "Columbus Metropolitan Library (Columbus Memory digital collections)",
   "title": "Poindexter Village Construction Journal Volume 1 Page 4 with 2 Photos (Poindexter Village Collection, item african/25004)",
   "url": "https://digital-collections.columbuslibrary.org/digital/collection/african/id/25004",
   "published": "1939"
  },
  {
   "id": "S18",
   "publisher": "The Lincoln Theatre, Columbus",
   "title": "Our History",
   "url": "https://www.lincolntheatrecolumbus.com/about/history/",
   "published": "undated"
  }
 ]
}