{
 "page": "lead-paint-asbestos-pre-1978-bathroom-ohio.html",
 "url": "https://www.openshowerco.com/lead-paint-asbestos-pre-1978-bathroom-ohio.html",
 "title": "Lead paint, asbestos and a pre-1978 bathroom in Central Ohio",
 "record": "kb-wave-seven-2026-09",
 "generated": "2026-09-08",
 "how_to_read": "Every sentence on the page traces to one of these claims. status \"verified\" means two independent publishers state it; \"single\" means one named publisher, named in the page's sentence; \"conflict\" means the documents disagree and the page prints both.",
 "claims": [
  {
   "id": "C1",
   "claim": "EPA's lead rules turn on a defined term: target housing means any housing constructed prior to 1978.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "Target housing means any housing constructed prior to 1978",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Office of the Federal Register (eCFR)",
     "title": "40 CFR Part 745, Subpart L - Lead-Based Paint Activities (section 745.223, Definitions)",
     "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-40/chapter-I/subchapter-R/part-745/subpart-L",
     "published": "current as of 2026-09-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C2",
   "claim": "The Consumer Product Safety Commission's ban on lead-containing paint applies to consumer products manufactured after February 27, 1978.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "manufactured after February 27, 1978",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Office of the Federal Register (eCFR)",
     "title": "16 CFR Part 1303 - Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and Certain Consumer Products Bearing Lead-Containing Paint",
     "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-16/chapter-II/subchapter-B/part-1303",
     "published": "current as of 2026-09-05"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "US Consumer Product Safety Commission",
     "title": "CPSC Announces Final Ban On Lead-Containing Paint",
     "url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/recalls/1977/cpsc-announces-final-ban-on-lead-containing-paint",
     "published": "1977-09-02"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C3",
   "claim": "EPA states that in 1978 the federal government banned the sale of lead-based paint for use in homes and childcare facilities.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "the federal government banned the sale of lead-based paint",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "US Environmental Protection Agency",
     "title": "Protect Your Family from Sources of Lead",
     "url": "https://www.epa.gov/lead/protect-your-family-sources-lead",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C4",
   "claim": "EPA says that a home built before 1978 is more likely to have lead-based paint.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "built before 1978, it is more likely to have lead-based paint",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "US Environmental Protection Agency",
     "title": "Protect Your Family from Sources of Lead",
     "url": "https://www.epa.gov/lead/protect-your-family-sources-lead",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C5",
   "claim": "EPA says children can live safely in homes that have lead-based paint as long as paint and surfaces are in good condition and surfaces are kept clean.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "Children can live safely in homes that have lead-based paint",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "US Environmental Protection Agency",
     "title": "Protect Your Family from Sources of Lead",
     "url": "https://www.epa.gov/lead/protect-your-family-sources-lead",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C6",
   "claim": "EPA's Renovation, Repair and Painting rule applies to all renovations performed for compensation in target housing and child-occupied facilities.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "This subpart applies to all renovations performed for compensation in target housing",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Office of the Federal Register (eCFR)",
     "title": "40 CFR Part 745, Subpart E - Residential Property Renovation (sections 745.80 to 745.92)",
     "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-40/chapter-I/subchapter-R/part-745/subpart-E",
     "published": "current as of 2026-09-05; subpart source note 73 FR 21758, April 22, 2008, as amended 89 FR 89457, November 12, 2024"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "US Environmental Protection Agency",
     "title": "Lead Renovation, Repair and Painting Program",
     "url": "https://www.epa.gov/lead/lead-renovation-repair-and-painting-program",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C7",
   "claim": "Under EPA's rule a job that disturbs six square feet or less of painted surface per room inside is a minor repair and maintenance activity rather than a renovation.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "disrupt 6 square feet or less of painted surface per room for interior activities",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Office of the Federal Register (eCFR)",
     "title": "40 CFR Part 745, Subpart E - Residential Property Renovation (sections 745.80 to 745.92)",
     "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-40/chapter-I/subchapter-R/part-745/subpart-E",
     "published": "current as of 2026-09-05; subpart source note 73 FR 21758, April 22, 2008, as amended 89 FR 89457, November 12, 2024"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "US Environmental Protection Agency",
     "title": "Frequent question: if a project disturbs six square feet or less of interior surface or 20 square feet or less of exterior surface, is it necessary for a firm to comply with the pre-renovation education requirements?",
     "url": "https://www.epa.gov/lead/if-project-disturbs-six-square-feet-or-less-interior-surface-or-20-square-feet-or-less",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C8",
   "claim": "The six square foot exception does not apply where prohibited work practices are used, or where the job involves window replacement or demolition of painted surface areas.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "Window replacement and demolition of painted surfaces are always covered regardless of square footage.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Office of the Federal Register (eCFR)",
     "title": "40 CFR Part 745, Subpart E - Residential Property Renovation (sections 745.80 to 745.92)",
     "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-40/chapter-I/subchapter-R/part-745/subpart-E",
     "published": "current as of 2026-09-05; subpart source note 73 FR 21758, April 22, 2008, as amended 89 FR 89457, November 12, 2024"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "US Environmental Protection Agency",
     "title": "Renovation, Repair and Painting Program: Contractors",
     "url": "https://www.epa.gov/lead/renovation-repair-and-painting-program-contractors",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C9",
   "claim": "EPA's rule counts jobs performed in the same room within the same thirty days as one job when deciding whether the small-job exception applies.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "same room within the same 30 days must be considered the same job",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Office of the Federal Register (eCFR)",
     "title": "40 CFR Part 745, Subpart E - Residential Property Renovation (sections 745.80 to 745.92)",
     "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-40/chapter-I/subchapter-R/part-745/subpart-E",
     "published": "current as of 2026-09-05; subpart source note 73 FR 21758, April 22, 2008, as amended 89 FR 89457, November 12, 2024"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C10",
   "claim": "EPA's rule offers three ways out: a written determination by a certified inspector or risk assessor, testing by a certified renovator with an EPA-recognized test kit, or laboratory analysis of paint chip samples.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "using an EPA recognized test kit and following the kit manufacturer's instructions",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Office of the Federal Register (eCFR)",
     "title": "40 CFR Part 745, Subpart E - Residential Property Renovation (sections 745.80 to 745.92)",
     "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-40/chapter-I/subchapter-R/part-745/subpart-E",
     "published": "current as of 2026-09-05; subpart source note 73 FR 21758, April 22, 2008, as amended 89 FR 89457, November 12, 2024"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C11",
   "claim": "EPA published the renovation rule on April 22, 2008, and since April 22, 2010 no firm may perform renovations covered by it without EPA certification.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "no firm may perform, offer, or claim to perform renovations without certification from EPA",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Office of the Federal Register (eCFR)",
     "title": "40 CFR Part 745, Subpart E - Residential Property Renovation (sections 745.80 to 745.92)",
     "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-40/chapter-I/subchapter-R/part-745/subpart-E",
     "published": "current as of 2026-09-05; subpart source note 73 FR 21758, April 22, 2008, as amended 89 FR 89457, November 12, 2024"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C12",
   "claim": "EPA's rule prohibits open-flame burning or torching of painted surfaces during a covered renovation.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "Open-flame burning or torching of painted surfaces is prohibited.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Office of the Federal Register (eCFR)",
     "title": "40 CFR Part 745, Subpart E - Residential Property Renovation (sections 745.80 to 745.92)",
     "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-40/chapter-I/subchapter-R/part-745/subpart-E",
     "published": "current as of 2026-09-05; subpart source note 73 FR 21758, April 22, 2008, as amended 89 FR 89457, November 12, 2024"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C13",
   "claim": "EPA's rule prohibits high-speed sanding, grinding, power planing and abrasive blasting on painted surfaces unless the machine has a shroud and a HEPA vacuum attachment.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "equipped with a HEPA vacuum attachment to collect dust and debris",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Office of the Federal Register (eCFR)",
     "title": "40 CFR Part 745, Subpart E - Residential Property Renovation (sections 745.80 to 745.92)",
     "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-40/chapter-I/subchapter-R/part-745/subpart-E",
     "published": "current as of 2026-09-05; subpart source note 73 FR 21758, April 22, 2008, as amended 89 FR 89457, November 12, 2024"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C14",
   "claim": "EPA's rule permits a heat gun on painted surfaces only at temperatures below 1,100 degrees Fahrenheit.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "permitted only at temperatures below 1,100 degrees Fahrenheit",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Office of the Federal Register (eCFR)",
     "title": "40 CFR Part 745, Subpart E - Residential Property Renovation (sections 745.80 to 745.92)",
     "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-40/chapter-I/subchapter-R/part-745/subpart-E",
     "published": "current as of 2026-09-05; subpart source note 73 FR 21758, April 22, 2008, as amended 89 FR 89457, November 12, 2024"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C15",
   "claim": "EPA's rule requires the floor of an interior work area to be covered with taped-down plastic sheeting extending six feet beyond the surfaces being worked on, or far enough to contain the dust.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "Cover the floor surface, including installed carpet, with taped-down plastic sheeting",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Office of the Federal Register (eCFR)",
     "title": "40 CFR Part 745, Subpart E - Residential Property Renovation (sections 745.80 to 745.92)",
     "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-40/chapter-I/subchapter-R/part-745/subpart-E",
     "published": "current as of 2026-09-05; subpart source note 73 FR 21758, April 22, 2008, as amended 89 FR 89457, November 12, 2024"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C16",
   "claim": "EPA's rule requires the firm to give the owner an EPA pamphlet no more than sixty days before renovation activities begin, and to obtain a written acknowledgment or a certificate of mailing.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "No more than 60 days before beginning renovation activities",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Office of the Federal Register (eCFR)",
     "title": "40 CFR Part 745, Subpart E - Residential Property Renovation (sections 745.80 to 745.92)",
     "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-40/chapter-I/subchapter-R/part-745/subpart-E",
     "published": "current as of 2026-09-05; subpart source note 73 FR 21758, April 22, 2008, as amended 89 FR 89457, November 12, 2024"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C17",
   "claim": "Ohio is not among the states authorized to run their own renovation program, so EPA administers the Renovation, Repair and Painting program in Ohio.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "EPA administers the program in all states except",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "US Environmental Protection Agency",
     "title": "Renovation, Repair and Painting Program: Firm Certification",
     "url": "https://www.epa.gov/lead/renovation-repair-and-painting-program-firm-certification",
     "published": "undated"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "US Environmental Protection Agency",
     "title": "Lead Renovation, Repair and Painting Program",
     "url": "https://www.epa.gov/lead/lead-renovation-repair-and-painting-program",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C18",
   "claim": "Ohio law puts lead abatement licenses with the Ohio Department of Health: the director of health issues lead inspector, lead abatement contractor, lead risk assessor, project designer, worker and clearance technician licenses.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "The director of health shall issue lead inspector, lead abatement contractor, lead risk assessor",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules (codes.ohio.gov)",
     "title": "Ohio Revised Code Section 3742.05, Application for required licensure or certification",
     "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-3742.05",
     "published": "undated"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Department of Health",
     "title": "Lead Licensure and Accreditation Program",
     "url": "https://odh.ohio.gov/know-our-programs/lead-licensure-and-accreditation-program/",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C19",
   "claim": "EPA's list of states where EPA itself administers the lead abatement and evaluation program does not include Ohio.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "The states administered by EPA are Alaska, Arizona, Florida, Idaho, Montana",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "US Environmental Protection Agency",
     "title": "Lead-Based Paint Abatement and Evaluation Program: Overview",
     "url": "https://www.epa.gov/lead/lead-based-paint-abatement-and-evaluation-program-overview",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C20",
   "claim": "Ohio law defines lead abatement as measures designed for the single purpose of permanently eliminating lead hazards, which is not what a bathroom remodel is.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "designed for the single purpose of permanently eliminating lead hazards",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules (codes.ohio.gov)",
     "title": "Ohio Revised Code Section 3742.01, Lead abatement definitions",
     "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-3742.01",
     "published": "undated"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "US Environmental Protection Agency",
     "title": "Lead Abatement, Inspection and Risk Assessment",
     "url": "https://www.epa.gov/lead/lead-abatement-inspection-and-risk-assessment",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C21",
   "claim": "EPA says abatement projects and renovation projects can look similar but are two separate programs requiring different certifications.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "two separate programs that require different certifications and are regulated differently by EPA",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "US Environmental Protection Agency",
     "title": "Lead Abatement, Inspection and Risk Assessment",
     "url": "https://www.epa.gov/lead/lead-abatement-inspection-and-risk-assessment",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C22",
   "claim": "Ohio's asbestos statute puts the rulemaking with the director of environmental protection, not the director of health.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "the director of environmental protection shall, as the director determines necessary, adopt rules",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules (codes.ohio.gov)",
     "title": "Ohio Revised Code Section 3710.02, Rules for asbestos hazard abatement",
     "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-3710.02",
     "published": "effective 2018-01-01"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Environmental Protection Agency",
     "title": "Asbestos Abatement & Demolition",
     "url": "https://epa.ohio.gov/divisions-and-offices/air-pollution-control/asbestos-abatement-and-demolition/asbestos-abatement-demolition",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C23",
   "claim": "Ohio EPA says its asbestos program issues the licenses and certifications for the companies and people who work in asbestos abatement, under Ohio Administrative Code chapter 3745-22.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "licenses and certifies companies and persons directly involved with the asbestos abatement industry",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Environmental Protection Agency",
     "title": "Asbestos Abatement & Demolition",
     "url": "https://epa.ohio.gov/divisions-and-offices/air-pollution-control/asbestos-abatement-and-demolition/asbestos-abatement-demolition",
     "published": "undated"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules (codes.ohio.gov)",
     "title": "Ohio Revised Code Section 3710.01, Asbestos abatement definitions",
     "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-3710.01",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C24",
   "claim": "Ohio EPA says Ohio Administrative Code chapter 3745-20 controls asbestos emissions from demolition and renovation, and that Ohio's regulations are consistent with the federal asbestos NESHAP.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "Ohio's regulations are consistent with U.S. EPA's National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Environmental Protection Agency",
     "title": "Asbestos Abatement & Demolition",
     "url": "https://epa.ohio.gov/divisions-and-offices/air-pollution-control/asbestos-abatement-and-demolition/asbestos-abatement-demolition",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C25",
   "claim": "The federal asbestos NESHAP excludes residential buildings with four or fewer dwelling units from its definition of a facility.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "excluding residential buildings that have four or fewer dwelling units",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "US Environmental Protection Agency",
     "title": "Overview of the Asbestos National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP)",
     "url": "https://www.epa.gov/asbestos/overview-asbestos-national-emission-standards-hazardous-air-pollutants-neshap",
     "published": "undated"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Environmental Protection Agency",
     "title": "Asbestos Notification Requirements for Facility Demolition & Renovation/Abatement",
     "url": "https://dam.assets.ohio.gov/image/upload/epa.ohio.gov/Portals/27/atu/asbestos/2022AsbestosNotificationFAQ.pdf",
     "published": "2022-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C26",
   "claim": "Ohio EPA says a residential building with four or fewer dwelling units is not a facility under the emission control regulation unless it is part of a larger installation.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "A residential building with four or fewer dwelling units is not considered a facility",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Environmental Protection Agency",
     "title": "Asbestos Notification Requirements for Facility Demolition & Renovation/Abatement",
     "url": "https://dam.assets.ohio.gov/image/upload/epa.ohio.gov/Portals/27/atu/asbestos/2022AsbestosNotificationFAQ.pdf",
     "published": "2022-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C27",
   "claim": "Ohio EPA says the notification rules still reach a house: if a contractor disturbs more than fifty square feet or fifty linear feet of regulated asbestos-containing material on any structure, the job becomes subject to Ohio EPA's asbestos notification rules.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "50 square feet or 50 linear feet of RACM is disturbed, on any structure",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Environmental Protection Agency",
     "title": "Asbestos Notification Requirements for Facility Demolition & Renovation/Abatement",
     "url": "https://dam.assets.ohio.gov/image/upload/epa.ohio.gov/Portals/27/atu/asbestos/2022AsbestosNotificationFAQ.pdf",
     "published": "2022-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C28",
   "claim": "Ohio EPA says that above that threshold at a private single-family residence, the abatement contractor holding the Ohio EPA license takes on responsibility for the notification, the work practices and the disposal.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "assumes all responsibility for submitting the notification and following specific work practices",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Environmental Protection Agency",
     "title": "Asbestos Notification Requirements for Facility Demolition & Renovation/Abatement",
     "url": "https://dam.assets.ohio.gov/image/upload/epa.ohio.gov/Portals/27/atu/asbestos/2022AsbestosNotificationFAQ.pdf",
     "published": "2022-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C29",
   "claim": "Ohio EPA says that if the demolition or renovation is done by the home owner, no notification is required.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "completed by the home owner, then submission of a notification is not required",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Environmental Protection Agency",
     "title": "Asbestos Notification Requirements for Facility Demolition & Renovation/Abatement",
     "url": "https://dam.assets.ohio.gov/image/upload/epa.ohio.gov/Portals/27/atu/asbestos/2022AsbestosNotificationFAQ.pdf",
     "published": "2022-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C30",
   "claim": "Ohio EPA says a residential structure that was once a business remains subject to its asbestos notification rules.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "if the residential structure was ever a business then it remains subject",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Environmental Protection Agency",
     "title": "Asbestos Notification Requirements for Facility Demolition & Renovation/Abatement",
     "url": "https://dam.assets.ohio.gov/image/upload/epa.ohio.gov/Portals/27/atu/asbestos/2022AsbestosNotificationFAQ.pdf",
     "published": "2022-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C31",
   "claim": "Ohio EPA requires the notification form to be postmarked or hand-delivered ten working days before any work that will disturb asbestos material.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "10 working days prior to any demolition work",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Environmental Protection Agency",
     "title": "Asbestos Notification Requirements for Facility Demolition & Renovation/Abatement",
     "url": "https://dam.assets.ohio.gov/image/upload/epa.ohio.gov/Portals/27/atu/asbestos/2022AsbestosNotificationFAQ.pdf",
     "published": "2022-05"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C32",
   "claim": "EPA lists vinyl floor tiles, the backing on vinyl sheet flooring, and the adhesives among the products that may contain asbestos.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "Vinyl floor tiles and the backing on vinyl sheet flooring and adhesives",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "US Environmental Protection Agency",
     "title": "Learn About Asbestos",
     "url": "https://www.epa.gov/asbestos/learn-about-asbestos",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C33",
   "claim": "EPA lists hot water and steam pipes coated with asbestos material or covered with an asbestos blanket or tape.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "Hot water and steam pipes coated with asbestos material",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "US Environmental Protection Agency",
     "title": "Learn About Asbestos",
     "url": "https://www.epa.gov/asbestos/learn-about-asbestos",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C34",
   "claim": "EPA lists textured paint and patching compounds used on walls and ceilings among the products that may contain asbestos.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "Textured paint and patching compounds used on walls and ceilings",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "US Environmental Protection Agency",
     "title": "Learn About Asbestos",
     "url": "https://www.epa.gov/asbestos/learn-about-asbestos",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C35",
   "claim": "EPA records that in 1977 the Consumer Product Safety Commission banned the use of asbestos in wall patching compounds and artificial fireplace embers.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "banned the use of asbestos in artificial fireplace embers and wall patching compounds",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "US Environmental Protection Agency",
     "title": "EPA Actions to Protect the Public from Exposure to Asbestos",
     "url": "https://www.epa.gov/asbestos/epa-actions-protect-public-exposure-asbestos",
     "published": "undated"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Office of the Federal Register (eCFR)",
     "title": "16 CFR Part 1304, Ban of Consumer Patching Compounds Containing Respirable Free-Form Asbestos",
     "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-16/chapter-II/subchapter-B/part-1304",
     "published": "current as of 2026-09-05; source note 42 FR 63362, Dec. 15, 1977"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Office of the Federal Register (eCFR)",
     "title": "16 CFR Part 1305, Ban of Artificial Emberizing Materials (Ash and Embers) Containing Respirable Free-Form Asbestos",
     "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-16/chapter-II/subchapter-B/part-1305",
     "published": "current as of 2026-09-05; source note 42 FR 63364, Dec. 15, 1977"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C36",
   "claim": "EPA's 1989 rule banning most asbestos-containing products was largely overturned by the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals in 1991, so there is no single year after which asbestos left home building materials.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "was overturned in 1991 by the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "US Environmental Protection Agency",
     "title": "EPA Actions to Protect the Public from Exposure to Asbestos",
     "url": "https://www.epa.gov/asbestos/epa-actions-protect-public-exposure-asbestos",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C37",
   "claim": "EPA says material that is in good condition and will not be disturbed should be left alone, and that sampling done incorrectly can be more hazardous than leaving the material alone.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "if done incorrectly, sampling can be more hazardous than leaving the material alone",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "US Environmental Protection Agency",
     "title": "Protect Your Family from Exposures to Asbestos",
     "url": "https://www.epa.gov/asbestos/protect-your-family-exposures-asbestos",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C38",
   "claim": "EPA says a lead-based paint inspection tells you whether a building has lead-based paint and where it is, while a risk assessment tells you whether there are hazards and what to do about them.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "A lead-based paint inspection tells you if a building has lead-based paint and where",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "US Environmental Protection Agency",
     "title": "Lead Abatement, Inspection and Risk Assessment",
     "url": "https://www.epa.gov/lead/lead-abatement-inspection-and-risk-assessment",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C39",
   "claim": "EPA says a recognized lead test kit can reliably show that regulated lead-based paint is not present when the result is negative.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "reliably determine that regulated lead-based paint is not present",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "US Environmental Protection Agency",
     "title": "Lead Test Kits",
     "url": "https://www.epa.gov/lead/lead-test-kits",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C40",
   "claim": "The Census Bureau's American Community Survey counted 588,892 housing units in Franklin County, of which 307,156, or 52.2 percent, were built in 1979 or earlier.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "0500000US39049|588892|329|7075|738",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "US Census Bureau",
     "title": "American Community Survey 2019-2023 five-year estimates, table B25034 Year Structure Built, table-based summary file",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b25034.dat",
     "published": "2024"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C41",
   "claim": "By the same Census table, 64.0 percent of Ohio's 5,271,573 housing units were built in 1979 or earlier, against 50.5 percent nationally.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "0400000US39|5271573|770|35432|1349",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "US Census Bureau",
     "title": "American Community Survey 2019-2023 five-year estimates, table B25034 Year Structure Built, table-based summary file",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b25034.dat",
     "published": "2024"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C42",
   "claim": "The same Census table puts the share built in 1979 or earlier at 91.2 percent in Bexley, 85.0 percent in Upper Arlington, 84.3 percent in Worthington, 68.9 percent in Grandview Heights and 50.6 percent in the city of Columbus.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "1600000US3979002|15122|478",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "US Census Bureau",
     "title": "American Community Survey 2019-2023 five-year estimates, table B25034 Year Structure Built, table-based summary file",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b25034.dat",
     "published": "2024"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "US Census Bureau",
     "title": "American Community Survey 2023 five-year geography lookup file, Geos20235YR.txt",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/documentation/Geos20235YR.txt",
     "published": "2024"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C43",
   "claim": "The suburban contrast is sharp: in the same Census Bureau table only 21.0 percent of Delaware County's housing was built in 1979 or earlier, against 52.5 percent in Licking County and 47.3 percent in Fairfield County.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "0500000US39041|84215|72|2459|366",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "US Census Bureau",
     "title": "American Community Survey 2019-2023 five-year estimates, table B25034 Year Structure Built, table-based summary file",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b25034.dat",
     "published": "2024"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C44",
   "claim": "The Census year-built categories break at 1979 and 1980, so no Census table can give the share of houses built before 1978, which is the year the lead rules use.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "B25034_E007",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "US Census Bureau",
     "title": "American Community Survey 2019-2023 five-year estimates, table B25034 Year Structure Built, table-based summary file",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b25034.dat",
     "published": "2024"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C45",
   "claim": "The American Community Survey records the year a structure was built and does not record what is in its paint or its floor.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "B25034",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "US Census Bureau",
     "title": "American Community Survey 2019-2023 five-year estimates, table B25034 Year Structure Built, table-based summary file",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b25034.dat",
     "published": "2024"
    }
   ]
  }
 ],
 "conflicts": [
  {
   "claim_id": "C17",
   "a": "authorized RRP states include Washington and Wisconsin",
   "a_source": "S4, read by WebFetch",
   "b": "authorized RRP states include Wisconsin but not Washington",
   "b_source": "search of the same EPA pages, not opened",
   "printed": "print neither list. Ohio is absent from both readings, so C17 asserts only Ohio's absence and names EPA. VERIFIER 2026-09-05: re-read S4 a third time by curl, independent of both prior readings; it lists both Washington and Wisconsin as authorized, matching source_a and further disfavoring source_b (an unopened search snippet). Ohio is absent from all three readings. The authoritative artifact is EPA's Status of EPA Lead-Based Paint Activities Programs PDF, which could not be downloaded; see gaps."
  },
  {
   "claim_id": "C36",
   "a": "March 18, 2024",
   "a_source": "EPA's own news release on the chrysotile asbestos rule, cited in an earlier draft and now folded into C36",
   "b": "March 28, 2024",
   "b_source": "several trade and law-firm summaries, none admissible",
   "printed": "print neither day. The 2024 chrysotile rule survives only inside C36's definition_note, as evidence that no general asbestos ban exists, and it is described there as a 2024 rule with no date. The two dates are almost certainly the signature date and the Federal Register publication date, but no admissible source was opened saying so."
  },
  {
   "claim_id": "C27",
   "a": "a single-family house is outside the asbestos rules",
   "a_source": "the four-or-fewer-units exclusion at C31 and C32, read alone",
   "b": "notification rules reach any structure once a contractor disturbs more than fifty square feet or fifty linear feet of RACM",
   "b_source": "S18, Ohio EPA fact sheet",
   "printed": "print both, in that order, because the second is the resolution of the first and a reader who has only heard the first is the reader this page is for. They are not in conflict: the exclusion at C25 and C26 is from the emission control rule's definition of a facility, and the fifty-foot threshold at C27 comes from the separate licensing rule."
  }
 ],
 "sources": [
  {
   "id": "S1",
   "publisher": "Office of the Federal Register (eCFR)",
   "title": "40 CFR Part 745, Subpart E - Residential Property Renovation (sections 745.80 to 745.92)",
   "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-40/chapter-I/subchapter-R/part-745/subpart-E",
   "published": "current as of 2026-09-05; subpart source note 73 FR 21758, April 22, 2008, as amended 89 FR 89457, November 12, 2024"
  },
  {
   "id": "S2",
   "publisher": "Office of the Federal Register (eCFR)",
   "title": "40 CFR Part 745, Subpart L - Lead-Based Paint Activities (section 745.223, Definitions)",
   "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-40/chapter-I/subchapter-R/part-745/subpart-L",
   "published": "current as of 2026-09-05"
  },
  {
   "id": "S3",
   "publisher": "US Environmental Protection Agency",
   "title": "Lead Renovation, Repair and Painting Program",
   "url": "https://www.epa.gov/lead/lead-renovation-repair-and-painting-program",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S4",
   "publisher": "US Environmental Protection Agency",
   "title": "Renovation, Repair and Painting Program: Firm Certification",
   "url": "https://www.epa.gov/lead/renovation-repair-and-painting-program-firm-certification",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S5",
   "publisher": "US Environmental Protection Agency",
   "title": "Renovation, Repair and Painting Program: Contractors",
   "url": "https://www.epa.gov/lead/renovation-repair-and-painting-program-contractors",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S6",
   "publisher": "US Environmental Protection Agency",
   "title": "Frequent question: if a project disturbs six square feet or less of interior surface or 20 square feet or less of exterior surface, is it necessary for a firm to comply with the pre-renovation education requirements?",
   "url": "https://www.epa.gov/lead/if-project-disturbs-six-square-feet-or-less-interior-surface-or-20-square-feet-or-less",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S7",
   "publisher": "US Environmental Protection Agency",
   "title": "Protect Your Family from Sources of Lead",
   "url": "https://www.epa.gov/lead/protect-your-family-sources-lead",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S8",
   "publisher": "US Environmental Protection Agency",
   "title": "Lead-Based Paint Abatement and Evaluation Program: Overview",
   "url": "https://www.epa.gov/lead/lead-based-paint-abatement-and-evaluation-program-overview",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S9",
   "publisher": "US Environmental Protection Agency",
   "title": "Lead Abatement, Inspection and Risk Assessment",
   "url": "https://www.epa.gov/lead/lead-abatement-inspection-and-risk-assessment",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S10",
   "publisher": "US Environmental Protection Agency",
   "title": "Lead Test Kits",
   "url": "https://www.epa.gov/lead/lead-test-kits",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S11",
   "publisher": "US Consumer Product Safety Commission",
   "title": "CPSC Announces Final Ban On Lead-Containing Paint",
   "url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/recalls/1977/cpsc-announces-final-ban-on-lead-containing-paint",
   "published": "1977-09-02"
  },
  {
   "id": "S12",
   "publisher": "Office of the Federal Register (eCFR)",
   "title": "16 CFR Part 1303 - Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and Certain Consumer Products Bearing Lead-Containing Paint",
   "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-16/chapter-II/subchapter-B/part-1303",
   "published": "current as of 2026-09-05"
  },
  {
   "id": "S13",
   "publisher": "US Environmental Protection Agency",
   "title": "Overview of the Asbestos National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP)",
   "url": "https://www.epa.gov/asbestos/overview-asbestos-national-emission-standards-hazardous-air-pollutants-neshap",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S14",
   "publisher": "US Environmental Protection Agency",
   "title": "EPA Actions to Protect the Public from Exposure to Asbestos",
   "url": "https://www.epa.gov/asbestos/epa-actions-protect-public-exposure-asbestos",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S15",
   "publisher": "US Environmental Protection Agency",
   "title": "Protect Your Family from Exposures to Asbestos",
   "url": "https://www.epa.gov/asbestos/protect-your-family-exposures-asbestos",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S16",
   "publisher": "US Environmental Protection Agency",
   "title": "Learn About Asbestos",
   "url": "https://www.epa.gov/asbestos/learn-about-asbestos",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S17",
   "publisher": "Ohio Environmental Protection Agency",
   "title": "Asbestos Abatement & Demolition",
   "url": "https://epa.ohio.gov/divisions-and-offices/air-pollution-control/asbestos-abatement-and-demolition/asbestos-abatement-demolition",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S18",
   "publisher": "Ohio Environmental Protection Agency",
   "title": "Asbestos Notification Requirements for Facility Demolition & Renovation/Abatement",
   "url": "https://dam.assets.ohio.gov/image/upload/epa.ohio.gov/Portals/27/atu/asbestos/2022AsbestosNotificationFAQ.pdf",
   "published": "2022-05"
  },
  {
   "id": "S19",
   "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules (codes.ohio.gov)",
   "title": "Ohio Revised Code Section 3710.01, Asbestos abatement definitions",
   "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-3710.01",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S20",
   "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules (codes.ohio.gov)",
   "title": "Ohio Revised Code Section 3710.02, Rules for asbestos hazard abatement",
   "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-3710.02",
   "published": "effective 2018-01-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "S21",
   "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules (codes.ohio.gov)",
   "title": "Ohio Revised Code Section 3742.01, Lead abatement definitions",
   "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-3742.01",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S22",
   "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules (codes.ohio.gov)",
   "title": "Ohio Revised Code Section 3742.05, Application for required licensure or certification",
   "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-3742.05",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S23",
   "publisher": "Ohio Department of Health",
   "title": "Lead Licensure and Accreditation Program",
   "url": "https://odh.ohio.gov/know-our-programs/lead-licensure-and-accreditation-program/",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S24",
   "publisher": "US Census Bureau",
   "title": "American Community Survey 2019-2023 five-year estimates, table B25034 Year Structure Built, table-based summary file",
   "url": "https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b25034.dat",
   "published": "2024"
  },
  {
   "id": "S25",
   "publisher": "US Census Bureau",
   "title": "American Community Survey 2023 five-year geography lookup file, Geos20235YR.txt",
   "url": "https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/documentation/Geos20235YR.txt",
   "published": "2024"
  },
  {
   "id": "S26",
   "publisher": "Office of the Federal Register (eCFR)",
   "title": "16 CFR Part 1304, Ban of Consumer Patching Compounds Containing Respirable Free-Form Asbestos",
   "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-16/chapter-II/subchapter-B/part-1304",
   "published": "current as of 2026-09-05; source note 42 FR 63362, Dec. 15, 1977"
  },
  {
   "id": "S27",
   "publisher": "Office of the Federal Register (eCFR)",
   "title": "16 CFR Part 1305, Ban of Artificial Emberizing Materials (Ash and Embers) Containing Respirable Free-Form Asbestos",
   "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-16/chapter-II/subchapter-B/part-1305",
   "published": "current as of 2026-09-05; source note 42 FR 63364, Dec. 15, 1977"
  }
 ]
}