{
 "page": "south-side-merion-village-steelton-bathrooms-and-sanitation-history.html",
 "url": "https://www.openshowerco.com/south-side-merion-village-steelton-bathrooms-and-sanitation-history.html",
 "title": "The South Side beyond German Village: Steelton, Buckeye Steel and what the 1950 census counted",
 "record": "kb-wave-eleven-2026-09",
 "generated": "2026-09-08",
 "how_to_read": "Every sentence on the page traces to one of these claims. status \"verified\" means two independent publishers state it; \"single\" means one named publisher, named in the page's sentence; \"conflict\" means the documents disagree and the page prints both.",
 "claims": [
  {
   "id": "C1",
   "claim": "The City of Columbus's South Side Plan describes the South Side planning area as generally bounded by Livingston Avenue west of Parsons Avenue on the north, Alum Creek on the east, State Route 104 on the south and the Scioto River on the west, about 3,443 acres.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "a fully developed, urban district that is approximately 3,443 acres in size",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "City of Columbus, Planning Division",
     "title": "South Side Plan, adopted by Columbus City Council June 9, 2014",
     "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20251110010151if_/https://www.columbus.gov/files/sharedassets/city/v/1/building-and-zoning/bzs-boards-and-commissions/planning-document-library/south-side-plan-online.pdf",
     "published": "2014-06-09"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C2",
   "claim": "The same plan says that in general the part of the neighborhood west of Parsons Avenue was annexed to Columbus before 1900, that the majority of the area east of Parsons was annexed from 1950 to 1960, and that building ages generally reflect the years of annexation.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "annexed previous to 1900, with the majority of the area to the east",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "City of Columbus, Planning Division",
     "title": "South Side Plan, adopted by Columbus City Council June 9, 2014",
     "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20251110010151if_/https://www.columbus.gov/files/sharedassets/city/v/1/building-and-zoning/bzs-boards-and-commissions/planning-document-library/south-side-plan-online.pdf",
     "published": "2014-06-09"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C3",
   "claim": "The City of Columbus's 2014 plan names parts of the South Side as the Hungarian Village and Reeb-Hosack area, Schumacher Place and Merion Village, Stambaugh-Elwood and the Millbrook-Kermit area.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "Hungarian Village/ Reeb-Hosack area",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "City of Columbus, Planning Division",
     "title": "South Side Plan, adopted by Columbus City Council June 9, 2014",
     "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20251110010151if_/https://www.columbus.gov/files/sharedassets/city/v/1/building-and-zoning/bzs-boards-and-commissions/planning-document-library/south-side-plan-online.pdf",
     "published": "2014-06-09"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C4",
   "claim": "Ohio historical marker 35-25 says Merion Village was named for the Nathaniel Merion family, who in 1809 settled what is now the South Side of Columbus on 1800 acres of the Refugee Lands.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "named for the Nathaniel Merion family, who in 1809 settled what is now",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio History Connection",
     "title": "Remarkable Ohio, marker 35-25 Merion Village, Franklin County",
     "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260316001855/https://remarkableohio.org/marker/35-25-merion-village/",
     "published": "undated"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "The Historical Marker Database",
     "title": "Merion Village Historical Marker, marker number 35-25",
     "url": "https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=17390",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C5",
   "claim": "The same marker says many of the homes in Merion Village date from an early-1900s building boom as the Steelton area to the south became a manufacturing center, and that streetcars ran down Parsons Avenue and Fourth Street.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "date from an early-1900s building boom as the \"Steelton\" area to the south",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio History Connection",
     "title": "Remarkable Ohio, marker 35-25 Merion Village, Franklin County",
     "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260316001855/https://remarkableohio.org/marker/35-25-merion-village/",
     "published": "undated"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "The Historical Marker Database",
     "title": "Merion Village Historical Marker, marker number 35-25",
     "url": "https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=17390",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C6",
   "claim": "The Merion Village Association says the neighborhood's boundaries run from the Scioto River to Parsons Avenue and from State Route 104 to Whittier Street.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "from the Scioto River to Parsons Avenue; from Rt. 104 to Whittier Street",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Merion Village Association",
     "title": "About the Merions",
     "url": "https://www.merionvillage.org/about-the-merions.html",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C7",
   "claim": "The 2001 National Register nomination for Tosheff's Restaurant and Hotel says the southern portion of Parsons Avenue, from about Woodrow Avenue southward, was known as Steelton, and that Steelton was not a separate municipality.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "It was not a separate municipality, but this area had its own identity",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "National Park Service",
     "title": "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, Tosheff's Restaurant and Hotel, 1943-1953 Parsons Ave., Columbus, Franklin County, Ohio (reference number 01000197, listed March 2, 2001)",
     "url": "https://catalog.archives.gov/medialz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_OH/01000197.pdf",
     "published": "2001"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C8",
   "claim": "That nomination says Columbus had four distinct industrial districts by the first two decades of the twentieth century, that Steelton, just north of the Buckeye Steel Castings plant, was one of them, and that Steelton was a nearly autonomous neighborhood whose commercial heart was the short stretch of Parsons Avenue north of the railroad tracks.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "Steelton was a nearly autonomous neighborhood",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "National Park Service",
     "title": "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, Tosheff's Restaurant and Hotel, 1943-1953 Parsons Ave., Columbus, Franklin County, Ohio (reference number 01000197, listed March 2, 2001)",
     "url": "https://catalog.archives.gov/medialz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_OH/01000197.pdf",
     "published": "2001"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C9",
   "claim": "The Columbus Metropolitan Library says Hungarian Village sits between Parsons Avenue and South High Street and Woodrow and Hinman Avenues.",
   "status": "conflict",
   "quote": "Hungarian Village sits between Parsons Avenue and South High Street",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Columbus Metropolitan Library, Columbus Memory",
     "title": "Hungarian Village, a set of photographs of people who lived in Hungarian Village in the early 1900s",
     "url": "https://digital-collections.columbuslibrary.org/digital/collection/memory/id/73486",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C10",
   "claim": "The National Register nomination places the eastern European neighborhood in a triangular area west of Parsons Avenue and south of Frebis, its south edge just north of Hosack, extending nearly to High Street.",
   "status": "conflict",
   "quote": "located in a triangular area west of Parsons Avenue and south of Frebis",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "National Park Service",
     "title": "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, Tosheff's Restaurant and Hotel, 1943-1953 Parsons Ave., Columbus, Franklin County, Ohio (reference number 01000197, listed March 2, 2001)",
     "url": "https://catalog.archives.gov/medialz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_OH/01000197.pdf",
     "published": "2001"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C11",
   "claim": "Buckeye Steel Castings moved to its Parsons Avenue site in 1902, and the plant stood on Parsons Avenue south of the Toledo and Ohio Central railway.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "moved to the current Parsons Avenue location in 1902",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Columbus Landmarks",
     "title": "2. Columbus Castings (1902), 2017 Most Endangered Sites",
     "url": "https://columbuslandmarks.org/meb-cols-castings/",
     "published": "2017"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Columbus Monthly",
     "title": "Lost Columbus: Buckeye Steel Castings Anchored the South Side's Steelton Neighborhood, by Jeff Darbee, November 2022 issue",
     "url": "https://www.columbusmonthly.com/story/lifestyle/features/2022/11/29/buckeye-steel-castings-anchored-steelton-neighborhood-of-columbus/69685780007/",
     "published": "2022-11-29"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "National Park Service",
     "title": "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, Tosheff's Restaurant and Hotel, 1943-1953 Parsons Ave., Columbus, Franklin County, Ohio (reference number 01000197, listed March 2, 2001)",
     "url": "https://catalog.archives.gov/medialz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_OH/01000197.pdf",
     "published": "2001"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Columbus Metropolitan Library, Columbus Memory",
     "title": "Buckeye Steel Collection photographs, including Buckeye Steel shower room, Buckeye Steel construction and Buckeye Steel machine shop",
     "url": "https://digital-collections.columbuslibrary.org/digital/collection/memory/id/67521",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C12",
   "claim": "The National Register nomination says the firm assembled land in the South End between High Street and Parsons Avenue, south of the Toledo and Ohio Central and east of the Hocking Valley railroad tracks, between 1899 and 1902.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "Between 1899 and 1902 the firm assembled land in the South End",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "National Park Service",
     "title": "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, Tosheff's Restaurant and Hotel, 1943-1953 Parsons Ave., Columbus, Franklin County, Ohio (reference number 01000197, listed March 2, 2001)",
     "url": "https://catalog.archives.gov/medialz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_OH/01000197.pdf",
     "published": "2001"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C13",
   "claim": "The same nomination says Buckeye's first pour in the new plant was on October 14, 1902.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "Buckeye's first \"pour\" in the new facility was on October 14, 1902",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "National Park Service",
     "title": "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, Tosheff's Restaurant and Hotel, 1943-1953 Parsons Ave., Columbus, Franklin County, Ohio (reference number 01000197, listed March 2, 2001)",
     "url": "https://catalog.archives.gov/medialz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_OH/01000197.pdf",
     "published": "2001"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C14",
   "claim": "The nomination says employment at the plant went from just over 400 on opening day to over 2,000 by 1916, and that Buckeye was among the city's ten largest employers in 1918.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "employment went from just over 400 on opening day to over 2,000 by 1916",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "National Park Service",
     "title": "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, Tosheff's Restaurant and Hotel, 1943-1953 Parsons Ave., Columbus, Franklin County, Ohio (reference number 01000197, listed March 2, 2001)",
     "url": "https://catalog.archives.gov/medialz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_OH/01000197.pdf",
     "published": "2001"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C15",
   "claim": "Columbus Landmarks says the works covers an area of over 90 acres, of which 22 are under roof.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "covers an area of over 90 acres, of which 22 are under roof",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Columbus Landmarks",
     "title": "2. Columbus Castings (1902), 2017 Most Endangered Sites",
     "url": "https://columbuslandmarks.org/meb-cols-castings/",
     "published": "2017"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C16",
   "claim": "Columbus Landmarks calls the works the largest single site steel foundry in North America.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "the largest single site steel foundry in North America",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Columbus Landmarks",
     "title": "2. Columbus Castings (1902), 2017 Most Endangered Sites",
     "url": "https://columbuslandmarks.org/meb-cols-castings/",
     "published": "2017"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C17",
   "claim": "Columbus Landmarks says the works halted operations on May 9, 2016 after a Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing, and Columbus Monthly says the plant closed in 2016 and has since been demolished.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "halted operations on May 9, 2016 after filing for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Columbus Landmarks",
     "title": "2. Columbus Castings (1902), 2017 Most Endangered Sites",
     "url": "https://columbuslandmarks.org/meb-cols-castings/",
     "published": "2017"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Columbus Monthly",
     "title": "Lost Columbus: Buckeye Steel Castings Anchored the South Side's Steelton Neighborhood, by Jeff Darbee, November 2022 issue",
     "url": "https://www.columbusmonthly.com/story/lifestyle/features/2022/11/29/buckeye-steel-castings-anchored-steelton-neighborhood-of-columbus/69685780007/",
     "published": "2022-11-29"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C18",
   "claim": "The nomination names the American Rolling Mill Company, the Buckeye Steel Castings Company and the Chase Foundry and Manufacturing Company among the steel-related industries drawn to the area, and the Federal Glass Company as another major industry there.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "Among the steel-related industries was the American Rolling Mill Company",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "National Park Service",
     "title": "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, Tosheff's Restaurant and Hotel, 1943-1953 Parsons Ave., Columbus, Franklin County, Ohio (reference number 01000197, listed March 2, 2001)",
     "url": "https://catalog.archives.gov/medialz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_OH/01000197.pdf",
     "published": "2001"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C19",
   "claim": "The nomination says a streetcar line ran down Parsons Avenue from downtown and a second line, called the Steelton Line, ran through the middle of the district's residential area and joined the Parsons Avenue line at Barthman and Parsons.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "another, farther west, that was called the Steelton Line",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "National Park Service",
     "title": "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, Tosheff's Restaurant and Hotel, 1943-1953 Parsons Ave., Columbus, Franklin County, Ohio (reference number 01000197, listed March 2, 2001)",
     "url": "https://catalog.archives.gov/medialz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_OH/01000197.pdf",
     "published": "2001"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C20",
   "claim": "The nomination says eastern Europeans, primarily of Hungarian heritage, gathered in the far south end, and that one study noted some 19 nationalities in the area with Hungarians predominating.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "One study noted some 19 nationalities in this area, with Hungarians predominating.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "National Park Service",
     "title": "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, Tosheff's Restaurant and Hotel, 1943-1953 Parsons Ave., Columbus, Franklin County, Ohio (reference number 01000197, listed March 2, 2001)",
     "url": "https://catalog.archives.gov/medialz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_OH/01000197.pdf",
     "published": "2001"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C21",
   "claim": "The nomination says there was an isolated cluster of Black residents along the south edge of the Hungarian section, between Hosack Street and the Toledo and Ohio Central Railroad, and that no standing structures remain in that area.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "squeezed in between Hosack Street and the T&OC Railroad",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "National Park Service",
     "title": "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, Tosheff's Restaurant and Hotel, 1943-1953 Parsons Ave., Columbus, Franklin County, Ohio (reference number 01000197, listed March 2, 2001)",
     "url": "https://catalog.archives.gov/medialz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_OH/01000197.pdf",
     "published": "2001"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C22",
   "claim": "The nomination says that in 1920 the Hungarian population of Columbus was 1,574 according to the census of that year, of whom 966 were foreign born.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "the Hungarian population of Columbus was 1,574, according to the U.S. Census",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "National Park Service",
     "title": "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, Tosheff's Restaurant and Hotel, 1943-1953 Parsons Ave., Columbus, Franklin County, Ohio (reference number 01000197, listed March 2, 2001)",
     "url": "https://catalog.archives.gov/medialz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_OH/01000197.pdf",
     "published": "2001"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C23",
   "claim": "The nomination says that in 1925, 80 of 1,000 employees at Buckeye Steel Castings were Hungarian, and that in 1910 the ratio had been 300 out of 1,500.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "In 1925, 80 of 1,000 (8%) employees at Buckeye Steel Castings were Hungarian",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "National Park Service",
     "title": "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, Tosheff's Restaurant and Hotel, 1943-1953 Parsons Ave., Columbus, Franklin County, Ohio (reference number 01000197, listed March 2, 2001)",
     "url": "https://catalog.archives.gov/medialz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_OH/01000197.pdf",
     "published": "2001"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C24",
   "claim": "The nomination says that as the share of foreign born workers fell after 1920 the share of migrants from Appalachia rose, and that Buckeye noted that in 1940 between 20 and 22 percent of its employees were from West Virginia and Kentucky.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "between 20% and 22% of its employees were from West Virginia",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "National Park Service",
     "title": "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, Tosheff's Restaurant and Hotel, 1943-1953 Parsons Ave., Columbus, Franklin County, Ohio (reference number 01000197, listed March 2, 2001)",
     "url": "https://catalog.archives.gov/medialz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_OH/01000197.pdf",
     "published": "2001"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C25",
   "claim": "Osman C. Hooper's 1920 history of Columbus says the Methodist Deaconess Board established the South Side Settlement in 1908 on Barthman Avenue, and that the work later moved to 363 Reeb Avenue.",
   "status": "conflict",
   "quote": "established the South Side Settlement in 1908 on Barthman avenue",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Osman C. Hooper, History of the City of Columbus, Ohio, from the Founding of Franklinton in 1797, through the World War Period, to the Year 1920",
     "title": "Pages 98, 113, 114, 121, 122, 214 and 243",
     "url": "https://archive.org/download/historyofcityofc00hoop/historyofcityofc00hoop.pdf",
     "published": "1920"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C26",
   "claim": "The South Side Settlement House's own website said it was founded in 1899, and Ohio History Connection's catalog gives the same year.",
   "status": "conflict",
   "quote": "was founded in 1899 to help people deal with problems in their daily lives",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "South Side Settlement House",
     "title": "Our Heritage",
     "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20080827211045if_/http://www.southsidesettlement.org/heritage.aspx",
     "published": "2008"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio History Connection, Ohio Memory",
     "title": "South Side Settlement House, Ohio Guide Photographs, State Archives Series 1039 AV",
     "url": "https://www.ohiomemory.org/digital/collection/p267401coll34/id/7746",
     "published": "circa 1935 to 1943"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C27",
   "claim": "Hooper's 1920 history lists public bath rooms among the facilities of the Godman Guild House on the near north side, and lists no baths at all in its paragraph on the South Side Settlement on the same page.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "public bath rooms; a game room for men; a club room for boys",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Osman C. Hooper, History of the City of Columbus, Ohio, from the Founding of Franklinton in 1797, through the World War Period, to the Year 1920",
     "title": "Pages 98, 113, 114, 121, 122, 214 and 243",
     "url": "https://archive.org/download/historyofcityofc00hoop/historyofcityofc00hoop.pdf",
     "published": "1920"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C28",
   "claim": "Hooper's history says St. Ladislaus Church, the only Hungarian parish in the city, was organized in 1908, that lots for it were bought on Reeb Avenue in 1907, that the church was dedicated on November 22, 1908, and that services for the Hungarians were first held in the basement of St. Leo's church on Hanford Street.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "This is the only Hungarian parish in the city and was organized in 1908",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Osman C. Hooper, History of the City of Columbus, Ohio, from the Founding of Franklinton in 1797, through the World War Period, to the Year 1920",
     "title": "Pages 98, 113, 114, 121, 122, 214 and 243",
     "url": "https://archive.org/download/historyofcityofc00hoop/historyofcityofc00hoop.pdf",
     "published": "1920"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C29",
   "claim": "Hooper's history says the National Catholic War Council chose a site on Barthman Avenue near Parsons on the South Side for a community house, and that the building was ready for opening early in August 1919.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "the Barthman avenue building was ready for opening early in August",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Osman C. Hooper, History of the City of Columbus, Ohio, from the Founding of Franklinton in 1797, through the World War Period, to the Year 1920",
     "title": "Pages 98, 113, 114, 121, 122, 214 and 243",
     "url": "https://archive.org/download/historyofcityofc00hoop/historyofcityofc00hoop.pdf",
     "published": "1920"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C30",
   "claim": "Hooper's 1920 list of incorporated villages around Columbus includes Hanford, incorporated in 1910, half a square mile in area with a population of 300, and the text adds that Hanford was smaller than when it was organized because a portion had been taken into the city.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "a portion having been taken into the city",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Osman C. Hooper, History of the City of Columbus, Ohio, from the Founding of Franklinton in 1797, through the World War Period, to the Year 1920",
     "title": "Pages 98, 113, 114, 121, 122, 214 and 243",
     "url": "https://archive.org/download/historyofcityofc00hoop/historyofcityofc00hoop.pdf",
     "published": "1920"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C31",
   "claim": "The Ohio State Board of Health's annual reports for 1911, 1912 and 1913 list Hanford among the Ohio villages whose health officer served in lieu of a board of health, and the volumes searched carry no report on a Hanford water supply or sewerage plan.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "In lieu of a board of health.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio State Board of Health",
     "title": "Annual Reports of the State Board of Health of the State of Ohio, 1911, 1912 and 1913, village health officer lists",
     "url": "https://archive.org/download/annualreportofst1911ohio/annualreportofst1911ohio_djvu.txt",
     "published": "1911 to 1913"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C32",
   "claim": "Hooper's 1920 history says legal difficulties forced the Front Street intercepting lateral to empty into Peters' Run, creating a nuisance in the southern part of the city, and that carrying the sewer across the canal to the river in 1873 and 1874 changed the location of the nuisance rather than correcting it.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "thus creating a nuisance in the southern part of the city",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Osman C. Hooper, History of the City of Columbus, Ohio, from the Founding of Franklinton in 1797, through the World War Period, to the Year 1920",
     "title": "Pages 98, 113, 114, 121, 122, 214 and 243",
     "url": "https://archive.org/download/historyofcityofc00hoop/historyofcityofc00hoop.pdf",
     "published": "1920"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C33",
   "claim": "Hooper's history says that when the East Side intercepting sewer was completed in 1892 the dry flow from the main sewers draining the greater part of the city was diverted to a single outfall into the Scioto two and a half miles south of the State House.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "two and a half miles south of the State House",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Osman C. Hooper, History of the City of Columbus, Ohio, from the Founding of Franklinton in 1797, through the World War Period, to the Year 1920",
     "title": "Pages 98, 113, 114, 121, 122, 214 and 243",
     "url": "https://archive.org/download/historyofcityofc00hoop/historyofcityofc00hoop.pdf",
     "published": "1920"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C34",
   "claim": "The Columbus Metropolitan Library holds a photograph dated December 17, 1948 whose reverse describes a City of Columbus contract as relief sanitary and storm sewers for the south end sanitary district, showing surface conditions at Parsons and Kian Avenues before the start of sewer construction.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "south end sanitary district. View of surface conditions",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Columbus Metropolitan Library, Columbus Memory",
     "title": "Relief sewer survey photographs by Dean L. Rager, items 57464, 57467, 57470, 57473, 57476, 57479, 57482 and 57497",
     "url": "https://digital-collections.columbuslibrary.org/digital/collection/memory/id/57464",
     "published": "1948 to 1950"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C35",
   "claim": "The same collection holds photographs made in November 1949 and January 1950 for a City of Columbus contract the notations call the Moler Street district relief sewers, showing Bruck Street, Jenkins Avenue, Moler Street, South High Street and South Fifth Street before the start of sewer construction.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "Moler Street district relief sewers - part 1",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Columbus Metropolitan Library, Columbus Memory",
     "title": "Relief sewer survey photographs by Dean L. Rager, items 57464, 57467, 57470, 57473, 57476, 57479, 57482 and 57497",
     "url": "https://digital-collections.columbuslibrary.org/digital/collection/memory/id/57464",
     "published": "1948 to 1950"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C36",
   "claim": "The Ohio State Board of Health ordered the commissioners of Franklin County in 1913 to install sewage treatment works after the trustees of Marion Township complained that sewage from the county infirmary was polluting Alum Creek.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "sewage and other wastes into Alum Creek, and by reason thereof has so corrupted",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio State Board of Health",
     "title": "Annual Report of the State Board of Health of the State of Ohio, 1913, Report on Investigation of Pollution of Alum Creek by Sewage from the Franklin County Infirmary",
     "url": "https://archive.org/download/annualreportofst1913ohio/annualreportofst1913ohio_djvu.txt",
     "published": "1913"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C37",
   "claim": "The 1950 census tract bulletin for Columbus counted 108,286 dwelling units in the city reporting condition and plumbing facilities, of which 19,458 had no private bath or were dilapidated, about 18.0 percent, and 5,764 had no running water or were dilapidated.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "No private bath or dilapidated",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "US Census Bureau",
     "title": "1950 Census of Population, Volume III, Census Tract Statistics, Chapter 13, Columbus, Ohio and Adjacent Area, Table 3 and the tract map, Part 1, Tracts in Columbus city",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/population-volume-3/41557421v3p1ch8.pdf",
     "published": "1952"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C38",
   "claim": "In the same table census tract 61, which the bulletin's map draws south of Morrill Avenue, had 2,231 dwelling units; of the 2,159 reporting, 755 had no private bath or were dilapidated, about 35.0 percent, and 195 had no running water or were dilapidated.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "No private bath or dilapidated",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "US Census Bureau",
     "title": "1950 Census of Population, Volume III, Census Tract Statistics, Chapter 13, Columbus, Ohio and Adjacent Area, Table 3 and the tract map, Part 1, Tracts in Columbus city",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/population-volume-3/41557421v3p1ch8.pdf",
     "published": "1952"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C39",
   "claim": "In the same table census tract 58, drawn west of Parsons Avenue between Deshler Avenue and Morrill Avenue, had 3,036 dwelling units; of the 2,981 reporting, 920 had no private bath or were dilapidated, about 30.9 percent, and 64 had no running water or were dilapidated.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "No private bath or dilapidated",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "US Census Bureau",
     "title": "1950 Census of Population, Volume III, Census Tract Statistics, Chapter 13, Columbus, Ohio and Adjacent Area, Table 3 and the tract map, Part 1, Tracts in Columbus city",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/population-volume-3/41557421v3p1ch8.pdf",
     "published": "1952"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C40",
   "claim": "In the same table census tract 56, drawn between Parsons Avenue and Twenty-second Street from Livingston Avenue south to Hanford Street, had 2,510 dwelling units; of the 2,444 reporting, 205 had no private bath or were dilapidated, about 8.4 percent.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "No private bath or dilapidated",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "US Census Bureau",
     "title": "1950 Census of Population, Volume III, Census Tract Statistics, Chapter 13, Columbus, Ohio and Adjacent Area, Table 3 and the tract map, Part 1, Tracts in Columbus city",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/population-volume-3/41557421v3p1ch8.pdf",
     "published": "1952"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C41",
   "claim": "In the same table census tract 60, drawn east of Parsons Avenue south of Hanford Street, had 1,124 dwelling units; of the 1,107 reporting, 84 had no private bath or were dilapidated, about 7.6 percent; tract 55, north of Whittier Street and east of Twenty-second Street, had 100 of 2,550, about 3.9 percent; and tract 59, east of Twenty-second Street and south of Whittier Street, had 23 of 1,152, about 2.0 percent.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "No private bath or dilapidated",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "US Census Bureau",
     "title": "1950 Census of Population, Volume III, Census Tract Statistics, Chapter 13, Columbus, Ohio and Adjacent Area, Table 3 and the tract map, Part 1, Tracts in Columbus city",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/population-volume-3/41557421v3p1ch8.pdf",
     "published": "1952"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C42",
   "claim": "The same bulletin's year built figures, which it marks as based on a 20 percent sample, put 1,330 of tract 61's 1,980 reporting units at 1919 or earlier, about 67 percent, against 45,250 of 96,260 for the city as a whole, about 47 percent.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "Asterisk (*) denotes statistics based on 20-percent sample",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "US Census Bureau",
     "title": "1950 Census of Population, Volume III, Census Tract Statistics, Chapter 13, Columbus, Ohio and Adjacent Area, Table 3 and the tract map, Part 1, Tracts in Columbus city",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/population-volume-3/41557421v3p1ch8.pdf",
     "published": "1952"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C43",
   "claim": "In the same year built block, tract 58 had 1,460 of 2,730 reporting units built in 1919 or earlier, about 53 percent; tract 56 had 1,120 of 2,245, about 50 percent; tract 55 had 815 of 2,360, about 35 percent; tract 60 had 265 of 995, about 27 percent; and tract 59 had 105 of 1,110, about 9 percent.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "1919 or earlier",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "US Census Bureau",
     "title": "1950 Census of Population, Volume III, Census Tract Statistics, Chapter 13, Columbus, Ohio and Adjacent Area, Table 3 and the tract map, Part 1, Tracts in Columbus city",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/population-volume-3/41557421v3p1ch8.pdf",
     "published": "1952"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C44",
   "claim": "The 1950 Columbus tract bulletin lists tracts 4, 5, 25, 51, 57, 58 and 61 as the city tracts whose 1950 boundaries differ from the 1940 tracts of the same number, giving tract 58 as tract 58 plus the remainder of tract 57 and annexed area, and tract 61 as tract 61 and annexed area.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "Boundaries of 1950 census tracts are the same as for 1940 tracts",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "US Census Bureau",
     "title": "1950 Census of Population, Volume III, Census Tract Statistics, Chapter 13, Columbus, Ohio and Adjacent Area, Table 3 and the tract map, Part 1, Tracts in Columbus city",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/population-volume-3/41557421v3p1ch8.pdf",
     "published": "1952"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C45",
   "claim": "Columbus Underground reported in March 2013 that city crews had taken down the main structure at 310 East Innis Avenue, where the South Side Settlement House had stood for over 30 years, and that the city then owned the former Reeb Avenue Elementary School and wanted to turn it into a community services hub.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "where the South Side Settlement House stood for over 30 years",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Columbus Underground",
     "title": "Demolition of Settlement House Leaves Another Empty Lot on South Side, by Brent Warren",
     "url": "https://columbusunderground.com/demolition-of-settlement-house-leaves-another-empty-lot-on-south-side-bw1/",
     "published": "2013-03-11"
    }
   ]
  }
 ],
 "conflicts": [
  {
   "claim_id": "C25",
   "a": "The South Side Settlement was established in 1908 on Barthman Avenue by the Methodist Deaconess Board",
   "a_source": "S8 (Hooper, History of the City of Columbus, Ohio, 1920, page 243)",
   "b": "The South Side Settlement House was founded in 1899",
   "b_source": "S16 (the settlement's own website, 2008 snapshot) and S15 (Ohio History Connection)",
   "printed": "print both, each attributed to its publisher in the sentence. Both accounts tie the settlement to Methodist bodies, so the likeliest reading is one organization with two founding dates in circulation rather than two organizations, but no document read in this pass says so and the page must not assert it."
  },
  {
   "claim_id": "C9",
   "a": "Hungarian Village sits between Parsons Avenue and South High Street and Woodrow and Hinman Avenues",
   "a_source": "S11 (Columbus Metropolitan Library)",
   "b": "The eastern European neighborhood was a triangle west of Parsons Avenue and south of Frebis, its south edge just north of Hosack, extending nearly to High Street",
   "b_source": "S1 (National Register nomination, 2001)",
   "printed": "print both with the publisher named. The library describes a rectangle and the nomination a triangle; they overlap but do not agree, and neither is a legal boundary."
  },
  {
   "claim_id": "C7",
   "a": "Steelton was the southern portion of Parsons Avenue, from about Woodrow Avenue southward",
   "a_source": "S1 (National Register nomination, 2001)",
   "b": "Steelton was the area of Parsons Avenue south of Reeb-Hosack, with a building boom between 1910 and 1930",
   "b_source": "S21 (Merion Village Association, Neighborhood page)",
   "printed": "print the nomination's version because it is Tier A and gives its reasoning; note in the same sentence that the neighborhood association draws it a little further south. Do not print the 1910 to 1930 boom date, which no second publisher supports; Ohio marker 35-25 says early-1900s. CORRECTED 2026-09-06: this passage is on the association's Neighborhood page (S21), not the About the Merions page (S12/C6's source) as the sheet originally had it."
  },
  {
   "claim_id": "C13",
   "a": "Buckeye's first pour in the new plant was October 14, 1902",
   "a_source": "S1 (National Register nomination, 2001)",
   "b": "October 24, 1902 appears in secondary accounts in circulation",
   "b_source": "no document read in this pass",
   "printed": "print A only, attributed to the nomination. The other date was seen only in a search summary and no document carrying it was opened, so it is not a source."
  }
 ],
 "sources": [
  {
   "id": "S1",
   "publisher": "National Park Service",
   "title": "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, Tosheff's Restaurant and Hotel, 1943-1953 Parsons Ave., Columbus, Franklin County, Ohio (reference number 01000197, listed March 2, 2001)",
   "url": "https://catalog.archives.gov/medialz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_OH/01000197.pdf",
   "published": "2001"
  },
  {
   "id": "S2",
   "publisher": "US Census Bureau",
   "title": "1950 Census of Population, Volume III, Census Tract Statistics, Chapter 13, Columbus, Ohio and Adjacent Area, Table 3 and the tract map, Part 1, Tracts in Columbus city",
   "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/population-volume-3/41557421v3p1ch8.pdf",
   "published": "1952"
  },
  {
   "id": "S3",
   "publisher": "City of Columbus, Planning Division",
   "title": "South Side Plan, adopted by Columbus City Council June 9, 2014",
   "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20251110010151if_/https://www.columbus.gov/files/sharedassets/city/v/1/building-and-zoning/bzs-boards-and-commissions/planning-document-library/south-side-plan-online.pdf",
   "published": "2014-06-09"
  },
  {
   "id": "S4",
   "publisher": "Ohio History Connection",
   "title": "Remarkable Ohio, marker 35-25 Merion Village, Franklin County",
   "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260316001855/https://remarkableohio.org/marker/35-25-merion-village/",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S5",
   "publisher": "The Historical Marker Database",
   "title": "Merion Village Historical Marker, marker number 35-25",
   "url": "https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=17390",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S6",
   "publisher": "Columbus Landmarks",
   "title": "2. Columbus Castings (1902), 2017 Most Endangered Sites",
   "url": "https://columbuslandmarks.org/meb-cols-castings/",
   "published": "2017"
  },
  {
   "id": "S7",
   "publisher": "Columbus Monthly",
   "title": "Lost Columbus: Buckeye Steel Castings Anchored the South Side's Steelton Neighborhood, by Jeff Darbee, November 2022 issue",
   "url": "https://www.columbusmonthly.com/story/lifestyle/features/2022/11/29/buckeye-steel-castings-anchored-steelton-neighborhood-of-columbus/69685780007/",
   "published": "2022-11-29"
  },
  {
   "id": "S8",
   "publisher": "Osman C. Hooper, History of the City of Columbus, Ohio, from the Founding of Franklinton in 1797, through the World War Period, to the Year 1920",
   "title": "Pages 98, 113, 114, 121, 122, 214 and 243",
   "url": "https://archive.org/download/historyofcityofc00hoop/historyofcityofc00hoop.pdf",
   "published": "1920"
  },
  {
   "id": "S9",
   "publisher": "Columbus Metropolitan Library, Columbus Memory",
   "title": "Buckeye Steel Collection photographs, including Buckeye Steel shower room, Buckeye Steel construction and Buckeye Steel machine shop",
   "url": "https://digital-collections.columbuslibrary.org/digital/collection/memory/id/67521",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S10",
   "publisher": "Columbus Metropolitan Library, Columbus Memory",
   "title": "Relief sewer survey photographs by Dean L. Rager, items 57464, 57467, 57470, 57473, 57476, 57479, 57482 and 57497",
   "url": "https://digital-collections.columbuslibrary.org/digital/collection/memory/id/57464",
   "published": "1948 to 1950"
  },
  {
   "id": "S11",
   "publisher": "Columbus Metropolitan Library, Columbus Memory",
   "title": "Hungarian Village, a set of photographs of people who lived in Hungarian Village in the early 1900s",
   "url": "https://digital-collections.columbuslibrary.org/digital/collection/memory/id/73486",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S12",
   "publisher": "Merion Village Association",
   "title": "About the Merions",
   "url": "https://www.merionvillage.org/about-the-merions.html",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S13",
   "publisher": "Ohio State Board of Health",
   "title": "Annual Reports of the State Board of Health of the State of Ohio, 1911, 1912 and 1913, village health officer lists",
   "url": "https://archive.org/download/annualreportofst1911ohio/annualreportofst1911ohio_djvu.txt",
   "published": "1911 to 1913"
  },
  {
   "id": "S14",
   "publisher": "Ohio State Board of Health",
   "title": "Annual Report of the State Board of Health of the State of Ohio, 1913, Report on Investigation of Pollution of Alum Creek by Sewage from the Franklin County Infirmary",
   "url": "https://archive.org/download/annualreportofst1913ohio/annualreportofst1913ohio_djvu.txt",
   "published": "1913"
  },
  {
   "id": "S15",
   "publisher": "Ohio History Connection, Ohio Memory",
   "title": "South Side Settlement House, Ohio Guide Photographs, State Archives Series 1039 AV",
   "url": "https://www.ohiomemory.org/digital/collection/p267401coll34/id/7746",
   "published": "circa 1935 to 1943"
  },
  {
   "id": "S16",
   "publisher": "South Side Settlement House",
   "title": "Our Heritage",
   "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20080827211045if_/http://www.southsidesettlement.org/heritage.aspx",
   "published": "2008"
  },
  {
   "id": "S17",
   "publisher": "Columbus Underground",
   "title": "Demolition of Settlement House Leaves Another Empty Lot on South Side, by Brent Warren",
   "url": "https://columbusunderground.com/demolition-of-settlement-house-leaves-another-empty-lot-on-south-side-bw1/",
   "published": "2013-03-11"
  },
  {
   "id": "S18",
   "publisher": "WOSU Public Media, Columbus Neighborhoods",
   "title": "South Side Timeline",
   "url": "https://columbusneighborhoods.org/timelines/south-side-timeline/",
   "published": "2013"
  },
  {
   "id": "S19",
   "publisher": "National Park Service",
   "title": "National Register of Historic Places locations, NRHP listed properties, record for reference number 01000197",
   "url": "https://mapservices.nps.gov/arcgis/rest/services/cultural_resources/nrhp_locations/MapServer/0",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S20",
   "publisher": "Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division",
   "title": "Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps from Columbus, Franklin County, Ohio, 1887, 1891, 1901, 1921 to 1922 volumes 1 to 6, 1950 and 1951",
   "url": "https://www.loc.gov/collections/sanborn-maps/?q=Columbus&fa=location_county:franklin+county",
   "published": "1887 to 1951"
  },
  {
   "id": "S21",
   "publisher": "Merion Village Association",
   "title": "Neighborhood",
   "url": "https://www.merionvillage.org/neighborhood.html",
   "published": "undated"
  }
 ]
}