{
 "page": "wells-and-septic-central-ohio-bathroom.html",
 "url": "https://www.openshowerco.com/wells-and-septic-central-ohio-bathroom.html",
 "title": "Wells, septic systems and what a bathroom remodel changes in Central Ohio",
 "record": "ohio-plumbing-water-sewer-wave-2026-09",
 "generated": "2026-09-08",
 "how_to_read": "Every sentence on the page traces to one of these claims. status \"verified\" means two independent publishers state it; \"single\" means one named publisher, named in the page's sentence; \"conflict\" means the documents disagree and the page prints both.",
 "claims": [
  {
   "id": "C1",
   "claim": "The US Environmental Protection Agency states that one in five US homes have septic systems.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "One in five U.S. homes have septic systems",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "US Environmental Protection Agency",
     "title": "Septic System Care and Maintenance (SepticSmart)",
     "url": "https://www.epa.gov/septic/septicsmart-homeowners",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C3",
   "claim": "In a 2016 report on Licking County, the US Geological Survey said about 40 percent of the county's population have domestic water supply wells.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "About 40 percent of the population have domes-",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "US Geological Survey",
     "title": "Arsenic in Groundwater of Licking County, Ohio, 2012 - Occurrence and Relation to Hydrogeology (SIR 2015-5148)",
     "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5148/sir20155148.pdf",
     "published": "2016"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C4",
   "claim": "The US Geological Survey says water from domestic wells is not regulated by the federal Safe Drinking Water Act.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "not regulated by the Federal Safe Drinking Water Act",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "US Geological Survey",
     "title": "Domestic (Private) Supply Wells",
     "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources/science/domestic-private-supply-wells",
     "published": "2019-03-01"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Department of Health",
     "title": "Private Water Systems - Water Quality",
     "url": "https://odh.ohio.gov/know-our-programs/private-water-systems-program/water-quality-treatment/quality",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C5",
   "claim": "Ohio's sewage rules say a sewage treatment system may not be installed, altered or operated without an approved permit from the board of health.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "shall not be installed, altered, or operated without an approved permit",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules",
     "title": "Rule 3701-29-06 | General provisions and prohibitions",
     "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-3701-29-06",
     "published": "2015-01-01"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Department of Health",
     "title": "Sewage Treatment Systems - Information for Homeowners",
     "url": "https://odh.ohio.gov/know-our-programs/sewage-treatment-systems/information-for-homeowners/",
     "published": "undated"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Fairfield County Health Department",
     "title": "Sewage Treatment Systems",
     "url": "https://www.myfdh.org/Environmental-Division/Household-Sewage-Treatment-Systems.html",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C6",
   "claim": "The Ohio Department of Health tells homeowners that a permit to install or alter a system must be obtained before construction or repair begins.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "A permit to install or alter a system must be obtained",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Department of Health",
     "title": "Sewage Treatment Systems - Information for Homeowners",
     "url": "https://odh.ohio.gov/know-our-programs/sewage-treatment-systems/information-for-homeowners/",
     "published": "undated"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules",
     "title": "Rule 3701-29-06 | General provisions and prohibitions",
     "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-3701-29-06",
     "published": "2015-01-01"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C8",
   "claim": "In Delaware County the Delaware Public Health District reviews designs, inspects installations and issues operation permits for household sewage treatment systems.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "provides operational permits for the continued use of HSTS",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Delaware Public Health District",
     "title": "Sewage",
     "url": "https://www.delawarehealth.org/sewage/",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C9",
   "claim": "In Licking County the health department says an installation permit and an operating permit must both be obtained before a system is installed.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "installation permit and operating permit must be obtained from the Health Department",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Licking County Health Department",
     "title": "Sewage Treatment Program",
     "url": "https://lickingcohealth.org/sewage/",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C10",
   "claim": "In Fairfield County the health department issues permits for new installations, replacements and alterations, and says any installation or alteration work requires a permit.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "The program issues permits for new installations, replacements, and alterations",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Fairfield County Health Department",
     "title": "Sewage Treatment Systems",
     "url": "https://www.myfdh.org/Environmental-Division/Household-Sewage-Treatment-Systems.html",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C11",
   "claim": "In Franklin County, Franklin County Public Health reviews and approves permits for the construction, alteration and abandonment of private water systems and regulates sewage systems.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "We review and approve permits for the construction, alteration and abandonment",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Franklin County Public Health",
     "title": "Water Quality",
     "url": "https://myfcph.org/water-quality/",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C13",
   "claim": "Ohio's current sewage treatment system rules are Ohio Administrative Code Chapter 3701-29, and twenty-three of its twenty-four rules took effect on January 1, 2015.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "Effective: January 1, 2015",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules",
     "title": "Chapter 3701-29 | Sewage Treatment Systems",
     "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/chapter-3701-29",
     "published": "2019-09-30"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Environmental Protection Agency",
     "title": "Regulations for home sewage treatment systems",
     "url": "https://ohioepa.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/368/~/regulations-for-home-sewage-treatment-systems",
     "published": "undated"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Delaware Public Health District",
     "title": "Operation and Maintenance Frequently Asked Questions",
     "url": "https://www.delawarehealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/2025-QM-FAQs-design-final.pdf",
     "published": "2025-01"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C14",
   "claim": "The chapter's own record shows earlier versions: individual rules carry prior effective dates in 1974, 1977 and 2007.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "Prior Effective Dates: 7/1/1974, 7/1/1977",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules",
     "title": "Chapter 3701-29 | Sewage Treatment Systems",
     "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/chapter-3701-29",
     "published": "2019-09-30"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C15",
   "claim": "Ohio's private water system rules are Ohio Administrative Code Chapter 3701-28, and all nineteen of its rules took effect on January 1, 2020.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "Effective: January 1, 2020",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules",
     "title": "Chapter 3701-28 | Private Water Systems",
     "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/chapter-3701-28",
     "published": "2020-01-01"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C16",
   "claim": "The Ohio Department of Health says private water systems are regulated under Ohio Revised Code sections 3701.344 to 3701.347 and administered by the department and the local health districts together.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "administered by both ODH and the Local Health Districts",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Department of Health",
     "title": "Private Water Systems Program",
     "url": "https://odh.ohio.gov/know-our-programs/private-water-systems-program",
     "published": "undated"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules",
     "title": "Rule 3701-28-03 | Permits, system approval and sampling requirements",
     "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-3701-28-03",
     "published": "2020-01-01"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C17",
   "claim": "A system already in operation before the 2015 rules is deemed approved if it does not cause a public health nuisance, so an older system is not made illegal by its age.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "shall not be required to be replaced with a new sewage treatment system",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules",
     "title": "Rule 3701-29-02 | Scope, responsibility for compliance, and applicability of rules",
     "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-3701-29-02",
     "published": "2015-01-01"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C18",
   "claim": "The same paragraph says nothing in it prevents a required upgrade of an existing system when flows are added or the structure substantially changes.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "when additional flows are being added or when substantial changes to the structure occur",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules",
     "title": "Rule 3701-29-02 | Scope, responsibility for compliance, and applicability of rules",
     "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-3701-29-02",
     "published": "2015-01-01"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C19",
   "claim": "Ohio's rules set the daily design flow for a household system at one hundred twenty gallons a day per bedroom, with a minimum of two hundred forty gallons a day.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "one hundred twenty gallons per day per bedroom",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules",
     "title": "Rule 3701-29-11 | Flow estimation and waste strength",
     "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-3701-29-11",
     "published": "2015-01-01"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Licking County Health Department",
     "title": "Guidance for How to Obtain a Household Sewage Treatment System (HSTS) Permit",
     "url": "https://lickingcohealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/HSTS-Permit-Guidance-8-2021.pdf",
     "published": "2021-08"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Licking County Health Department",
     "title": "Sewage Treatment Program",
     "url": "https://lickingcohealth.org/sewage/",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C20",
   "claim": "Because the design flow is counted by bedroom, adding or replacing a bathroom does not by itself change the number the system was sized to.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "one hundred twenty gallons per day per bedroom",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules",
     "title": "Rule 3701-29-11 | Flow estimation and waste strength",
     "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-3701-29-11",
     "published": "2015-01-01"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Delaware Public Health District",
     "title": "2026 Addition/Remodel Application",
     "url": "https://www.delawarehealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/2026-Addition-Remodel-Application.pdf",
     "published": "2026-01-06"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Licking County Health Department",
     "title": "Guidance for How to Obtain a Household Sewage Treatment System (HSTS) Permit",
     "url": "https://lickingcohealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/HSTS-Permit-Guidance-8-2021.pdf",
     "published": "2021-08"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C21",
   "claim": "Ohio's rules define a bedroom as a room designed or used for sleeping or any room that could reasonably be used or finished as one, as the board of health determines.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "designed or used as a sleeping room or any room that",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules",
     "title": "Rule 3701-29-01 | Definitions",
     "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-3701-29-01",
     "published": "2015-01-01"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Delaware Public Health District",
     "title": "Procedures for Obtaining a Sewage Permit",
     "url": "https://www.delawarehealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/2025-Procedures-for-Obtaining-a-Permit.pdf",
     "published": "2025-01"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C22",
   "claim": "The Delaware Public Health District's addition and remodel application asks whether the project includes a bedroom or a room that may be classified as one.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "include a bedroom or a room that may be classified as such",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Delaware Public Health District",
     "title": "2026 Addition/Remodel Application",
     "url": "https://www.delawarehealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/2026-Addition-Remodel-Application.pdf",
     "published": "2026-01-06"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C23",
   "claim": "A board of health must require a higher design flow when there is an indication the flows may be exceeded, and may approve a reduction for reasons such as low-flow fixtures.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "conditions that justify reduced flow such as low-flow fixtures",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules",
     "title": "Rule 3701-29-11 | Flow estimation and waste strength",
     "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-3701-29-11",
     "published": "2015-01-01"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C26",
   "claim": "Ohio's rules forbid a sewage treatment system from receiving water from a roof, a foundation drain, a clear water sump or a swimming pool.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "receive water from roof, foundation, clear water sumps, swimming pools",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules",
     "title": "Rule 3701-29-06 | General provisions and prohibitions",
     "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-3701-29-06",
     "published": "2015-01-01"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C27",
   "claim": "The same paragraph allows an appropriately sized system to receive brine from a water softener unless a manufacturer approval or the permit says otherwise.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "An appropriately sized STS may receive brine discharge from a water softener",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules",
     "title": "Rule 3701-29-06 | General provisions and prohibitions",
     "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-3701-29-06",
     "published": "2015-01-01"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C28",
   "claim": "Ohio's rules define gray water as wastewater from lavatories, bathtubs, showers, clothes washers and laundry sinks that carries no food waste, urine or feces.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "wastewater discharged from lavatories, bathtubs, showers, clothes washers, and laundry sinks",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules",
     "title": "Rule 3701-29-01 | Definitions",
     "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-3701-29-01",
     "published": "2015-01-01"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules",
     "title": "Rule 3701-29-17 | Gray water recycling systems and alternative toilets",
     "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-3701-29-17",
     "published": "2015-01-01"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C30",
   "claim": "Ohio's rules require the building sewer running to a septic system to be watertight and at least four inches across, laid at a grade of not less than one percent.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "shall be watertight, have a minimum diameter of four inches",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules",
     "title": "Rule 3701-29-12 | Tanks, pumps and controls, and building sewers",
     "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-3701-29-12",
     "published": "2015-01-01"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C31",
   "claim": "Ohio's rules keep every component of a sewage treatment system at least ten feet from a building, a property line, a driveway or other hardscape.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "at least ten feet from any utility service line, roadway or road surface",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules",
     "title": "Rule 3701-29-06 | General provisions and prohibitions",
     "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-3701-29-06",
     "published": "2015-01-01"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "US Environmental Protection Agency",
     "title": "How to Care for Your Septic System",
     "url": "https://www.epa.gov/septic/how-care-your-septic-system",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C32",
   "claim": "The same rule keeps every component of a sewage treatment system at least fifty feet from any water supply source.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "at least fifty feet from any water supply source",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules",
     "title": "Rule 3701-29-06 | General provisions and prohibitions",
     "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-3701-29-06",
     "published": "2015-01-01"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules",
     "title": "Rule 3701-28-07 | Location, operation, and maintenance of private water systems",
     "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-3701-28-07",
     "published": "2020-01-01"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C34",
   "claim": "Where a sanitary sewer is accessible, Ohio's rules say a sewage treatment system may not be sited, permitted or installed, and an existing system must be abandoned once sewer reaches the house.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "shall not be sited, permitted, or installed where a sanitary sewerage system is accessible",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules",
     "title": "Rule 3701-29-06 | General provisions and prohibitions",
     "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-3701-29-06",
     "published": "2015-01-01"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Franklin County Public Health",
     "title": "Regulation 106 - Sewage Treatment Systems",
     "url": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1XbWxNd-B7CrfnjWGVkvN5QFJ6o0I_R6p/view",
     "published": "2021-08-01"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C35",
   "claim": "An operation permit expires at whatever interval the board of health sets, and Ohio's rules cap that interval at ten years.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "at the frequency determined by the board of health, not to exceed ten years",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules",
     "title": "Rule 3701-29-09 | Site review and permits for STS installation and operation",
     "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-3701-29-09",
     "published": "2015-01-01"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Delaware Public Health District",
     "title": "Supplement to Ohio Department of Health Sewage Treatment System Rules 3701-29",
     "url": "https://www.delawarehealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/2025-Sewage-Rules-Supplement.pdf",
     "published": "2015-01-01"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Licking County Health Department",
     "title": "Sewage Treatment Program",
     "url": "https://lickingcohealth.org/sewage/",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C36",
   "claim": "In Delaware County, gravity systems with no mechanical parts carry a five-year operation permit while mechanical and discharging systems expire every year.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "All gravity STS (no mechanical parts) operation permits shall expire on January 31st",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Delaware Public Health District",
     "title": "Supplement to Ohio Department of Health Sewage Treatment System Rules 3701-29",
     "url": "https://www.delawarehealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/2025-Sewage-Rules-Supplement.pdf",
     "published": "2015-01-01"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C37",
   "claim": "In Licking County, off-lot discharging and drip irrigation systems are inspected every year and soil absorption systems every five years.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "must have an operation and maintenance inspection performed every year",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Licking County Health Department",
     "title": "Sewage Treatment Program",
     "url": "https://lickingcohealth.org/sewage/",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C38",
   "claim": "Ohio's rules put every system installed or altered after January 1, 2015 into a local operation and maintenance program with owner education.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "required for all systems installed or altered after the effective date",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules",
     "title": "Rule 3701-29-19 | STS operation and maintenance management, and system owner education",
     "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-3701-29-19",
     "published": "2015-01-01"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Delaware Public Health District",
     "title": "Operation and Maintenance Frequently Asked Questions",
     "url": "https://www.delawarehealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/2025-QM-FAQs-design-final.pdf",
     "published": "2025-01"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C39",
   "claim": "The Fairfield County Health Department states that no law requires a home to be inspected before it is sold, and that a lender usually asks.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "There is no law requiring a home to be inspected before it is sold",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Fairfield County Health Department",
     "title": "Real Estate Inspections",
     "url": "https://myfdh.org/Environmental-Division/Real-Estate-Inspections.html",
     "published": "undated"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules",
     "title": "Rule 3701-29-19 | STS operation and maintenance management, and system owner education",
     "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-3701-29-19",
     "published": "2015-01-01"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C40",
   "claim": "Ohio's private water rules say no person may construct, alter or seal a private water system without a valid permit from the board of health.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "No person shall construct, alter or seal a private water system",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules",
     "title": "Rule 3701-28-03 | Permits, system approval and sampling requirements",
     "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-3701-28-03",
     "published": "2020-01-01"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Fairfield County Health Department",
     "title": "Private Water Systems",
     "url": "https://www.myfdh.org/Environmental-Division/private-water-wells.html",
     "published": "undated"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Licking County Health Department",
     "title": "Environmental Health",
     "url": "https://lickingcohealth.org/environmental-health/",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C41",
   "claim": "A private water system in Ohio is one serving fewer than fifteen service connections that does not regularly serve at least twenty-five people daily for sixty days a year.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "fewer than fifteen service connections",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules",
     "title": "Rule 3701-28-01 | Definitions",
     "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-3701-28-01",
     "published": "2020-01-01"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Department of Health",
     "title": "Private Water Systems Program",
     "url": "https://odh.ohio.gov/know-our-programs/private-water-systems-program",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C42",
   "claim": "The Ohio Department of Health requires a water test when a system is built or altered under an open permit, and past that recommends testing on a regular basis rather than naming a frequency.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "tested for a few basic contaminants upon completion of the private water systems construction",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Department of Health",
     "title": "Private Water Systems - Water Quality",
     "url": "https://odh.ohio.gov/know-our-programs/private-water-systems-program/water-quality-treatment/quality",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C43",
   "claim": "The US Environmental Protection Agency does name an interval, and tells private well owners to test annually for total coliform bacteria, nitrates, total dissolved solids and pH.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "Test your private well annually for total coliform bacteria, nitrates",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "US Environmental Protection Agency",
     "title": "Protect Your Home's Water",
     "url": "https://www.epa.gov/privatewells/protect-your-homes-water",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C46",
   "claim": "Ohio's rules require a pumping test on a new well to determine its sustainable yield in gallons per minute and confirm capacity for the expected daily demand.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "a pumping test shall be conducted to determine the sustainable yield",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules",
     "title": "Rule 3701-28-11 | Development, startup, and operation of new, repaired and altered wells",
     "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-3701-28-11",
     "published": "2020-01-01"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules",
     "title": "Rule 3701-28-07 | Location, operation, and maintenance of private water systems",
     "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-3701-28-07",
     "published": "2020-01-01"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C47",
   "claim": "Ohio's rules define peak demand for a private water system by fixtures running at full flow or by the maximum pump capacity where the pump is the limit.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "the estimated number of usable water fixtures running at full flow",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules",
     "title": "Rule 3701-28-01 | Definitions",
     "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-3701-28-01",
     "published": "2020-01-01"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C50",
   "claim": "Ohio EPA describes a narrow north-south band of Devonian shale across central Ohio where well yields run from zero to five gallons a minute and hydrogen sulfide is frequently present.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "The narrow north-south trending area of Devonian shale in central Ohio",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Environmental Protection Agency",
     "title": "Major Aquifers in Ohio and Associated Water Quality",
     "url": "https://dam.assets.ohio.gov/image/upload/epa.ohio.gov/Portals/28/documents/gwqcp/TR_Final_Aquifer-Geochem_Final_11-2015.pdf",
     "published": "2015-10"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C52",
   "claim": "A 1984 US Geological Survey study of southern Franklin County called the aquifer's water very hard calcium bicarbonate water, high in dissolved solids, with iron often above the federal standard.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "A very hard calcium bicarbonate water that is high in dissolved solids",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "US Geological Survey",
     "title": "Water quality of a stream-aquifer system, southern Franklin County, Ohio (WRIR 84-4238)",
     "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/publications/water-quality-a-stream-aquifer-system-southern-franklin-county-ohio",
     "published": "1984"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "US Environmental Protection Agency",
     "title": "Secondary Drinking Water Standards: Guidance for Nuisance Chemicals",
     "url": "https://www.epa.gov/sdwa/secondary-drinking-water-standards-guidance-nuisance-chemicals",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C55",
   "claim": "In a 2016 report the US Geological Survey sampled 168 domestic wells in Licking County and found arsenic above ten micrograms per liter in 12 percent of them.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "from 168 domestic wells in Licking County",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "US Geological Survey",
     "title": "Arsenic in Groundwater of Licking County, Ohio, 2012 - Occurrence and Relation to Hydrogeology (SIR 2015-5148)",
     "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5148/sir20155148.pdf",
     "published": "2016"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C57",
   "claim": "Ohio Revised Code section 1521.05 requires a well log to be filed within thirty days of the completion of construction.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "filed with the division of water resources within thirty days",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules",
     "title": "Section 1521.05 | Well construction logs - well sealing reports",
     "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-1521.05",
     "published": "2016-01-01"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Department of Natural Resources",
     "title": "Submitting Water Well Drilling & Sealing Reports",
     "url": "https://ohiodnr.gov/rules-and-regulations/rules-and-regulations-by-division/geological-survey/submitting-water-well-drilling-sealing-reports",
     "published": "undated"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Department of Natural Resources",
     "title": "Information for Water Well Owners",
     "url": "https://ohiodnr.gov/discover-and-learn/safety-conservation/about-ODNR/geologic-survey/groundwater-resources/water-well-information-owners",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C58",
   "claim": "The US Environmental Protection Agency says the average household septic system should be inspected at least every three years and that tanks are typically pumped every three to five years.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "should be inspected at least every three years by a septic service professional",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "US Environmental Protection Agency",
     "title": "How to Care for Your Septic System",
     "url": "https://www.epa.gov/septic/how-care-your-septic-system",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C59",
   "claim": "The US Environmental Protection Agency says high-efficiency showerheads and flow restrictors reduce the volume of water entering a septic system.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "high-efficiency showerheads, and shower flow restrictors help reduce water use",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "US Environmental Protection Agency",
     "title": "How to Care for Your Septic System",
     "url": "https://www.epa.gov/septic/how-care-your-septic-system",
     "published": "undated"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio State University Extension (Ohioline)",
     "title": "Septic System Care and Maintenance, AEX-740",
     "url": "https://ohioline.osu.edu/factsheet/aex-740-0",
     "published": "2019-06-28"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C60",
   "claim": "Ohio EPA's sampling of raw groundwater gives a median total hardness of 450 milligrams per liter as calcium carbonate in Ohio's carbonate aquifers, against 352 in sand and gravel and 214 in sandstone.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "Carbonate 505 450 110 2060 165 935 0 0",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio Environmental Protection Agency",
     "title": "Major Aquifers in Ohio and Associated Water Quality",
     "url": "https://dam.assets.ohio.gov/image/upload/epa.ohio.gov/Portals/28/documents/gwqcp/TR_Final_Aquifer-Geochem_Final_11-2015.pdf",
     "published": "2015-10"
    }
   ]
  }
 ],
 "conflicts": [
  {
   "claim_id": "C57",
   "a": "Well logs are filed with the ODNR Division of Water Resources",
   "a_source": "S39 (Ohio Revised Code section 1521.05(B), effective January 1, 2016)",
   "b": "Well logs are submitted to and archived by the ODNR Division of Geological Survey, which maintains the database",
   "b_source": "S37 and S38 (ODNR's own pages, accessed 2026-09-05)",
   "printed": "print both - the statute names one division and the agency's operating pages name another, and the page should say the logs go to ODNR and link the agency's page rather than pick a division"
  },
  {
   "claim_id": "C42",
   "a": "Test on a regular basis; no interval named",
   "a_source": "S17 (Ohio Department of Health)",
   "b": "Test annually for total coliform bacteria, nitrates, total dissolved solids and pH",
   "b_source": "S31 (US Environmental Protection Agency)",
   "printed": "print both with each agency named - they are recommendations from different governments, not a contradiction of fact"
  }
 ],
 "sources": [
  {
   "id": "S1",
   "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules",
   "title": "Rule 3701-29-01 | Definitions",
   "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-3701-29-01",
   "published": "2015-01-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "S2",
   "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules",
   "title": "Rule 3701-29-02 | Scope, responsibility for compliance, and applicability of rules",
   "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-3701-29-02",
   "published": "2015-01-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "S3",
   "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules",
   "title": "Rule 3701-29-06 | General provisions and prohibitions",
   "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-3701-29-06",
   "published": "2015-01-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "S4",
   "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules",
   "title": "Rule 3701-29-09 | Site review and permits for STS installation and operation",
   "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-3701-29-09",
   "published": "2015-01-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "S5",
   "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules",
   "title": "Rule 3701-29-11 | Flow estimation and waste strength",
   "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-3701-29-11",
   "published": "2015-01-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "S6",
   "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules",
   "title": "Rule 3701-29-12 | Tanks, pumps and controls, and building sewers",
   "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-3701-29-12",
   "published": "2015-01-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "S7",
   "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules",
   "title": "Rule 3701-29-17 | Gray water recycling systems and alternative toilets",
   "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-3701-29-17",
   "published": "2015-01-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "S8",
   "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules",
   "title": "Rule 3701-29-19 | STS operation and maintenance management, and system owner education",
   "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-3701-29-19",
   "published": "2015-01-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "S9",
   "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules",
   "title": "Chapter 3701-29 | Sewage Treatment Systems",
   "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/chapter-3701-29",
   "published": "2019-09-30"
  },
  {
   "id": "S10",
   "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules",
   "title": "Rule 3701-28-01 | Definitions",
   "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-3701-28-01",
   "published": "2020-01-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "S11",
   "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules",
   "title": "Rule 3701-28-03 | Permits, system approval and sampling requirements",
   "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-3701-28-03",
   "published": "2020-01-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "S13",
   "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules",
   "title": "Rule 3701-28-07 | Location, operation, and maintenance of private water systems",
   "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-3701-28-07",
   "published": "2020-01-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "S14",
   "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules",
   "title": "Rule 3701-28-11 | Development, startup, and operation of new, repaired and altered wells",
   "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-3701-28-11",
   "published": "2020-01-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "S15",
   "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules",
   "title": "Chapter 3701-28 | Private Water Systems",
   "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/chapter-3701-28",
   "published": "2020-01-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "S16",
   "publisher": "Ohio Department of Health",
   "title": "Private Water Systems Program",
   "url": "https://odh.ohio.gov/know-our-programs/private-water-systems-program",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S17",
   "publisher": "Ohio Department of Health",
   "title": "Private Water Systems - Water Quality",
   "url": "https://odh.ohio.gov/know-our-programs/private-water-systems-program/water-quality-treatment/quality",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S19",
   "publisher": "Ohio Department of Health",
   "title": "Sewage Treatment Systems - Information for Homeowners",
   "url": "https://odh.ohio.gov/know-our-programs/sewage-treatment-systems/information-for-homeowners/",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S20",
   "publisher": "Delaware Public Health District",
   "title": "Sewage",
   "url": "https://www.delawarehealth.org/sewage/",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S21",
   "publisher": "Delaware Public Health District",
   "title": "Supplement to Ohio Department of Health Sewage Treatment System Rules 3701-29",
   "url": "https://www.delawarehealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/2025-Sewage-Rules-Supplement.pdf",
   "published": "2015-01-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "S22",
   "publisher": "Delaware Public Health District",
   "title": "2026 Addition/Remodel Application",
   "url": "https://www.delawarehealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/2026-Addition-Remodel-Application.pdf",
   "published": "2026-01-06"
  },
  {
   "id": "S23",
   "publisher": "Licking County Health Department",
   "title": "Sewage Treatment Program",
   "url": "https://lickingcohealth.org/sewage/",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S24",
   "publisher": "Licking County Health Department",
   "title": "Environmental Health",
   "url": "https://lickingcohealth.org/environmental-health/",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S25",
   "publisher": "Fairfield County Health Department",
   "title": "Sewage Treatment Systems",
   "url": "https://www.myfdh.org/Environmental-Division/Household-Sewage-Treatment-Systems.html",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S26",
   "publisher": "Fairfield County Health Department",
   "title": "Private Water Systems",
   "url": "https://www.myfdh.org/Environmental-Division/private-water-wells.html",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S27",
   "publisher": "Fairfield County Health Department",
   "title": "Real Estate Inspections",
   "url": "https://myfdh.org/Environmental-Division/Real-Estate-Inspections.html",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S28",
   "publisher": "Franklin County Public Health",
   "title": "Water Quality",
   "url": "https://myfcph.org/water-quality/",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S29",
   "publisher": "US Environmental Protection Agency",
   "title": "Septic System Care and Maintenance (SepticSmart)",
   "url": "https://www.epa.gov/septic/septicsmart-homeowners",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S30",
   "publisher": "US Environmental Protection Agency",
   "title": "How to Care for Your Septic System",
   "url": "https://www.epa.gov/septic/how-care-your-septic-system",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S31",
   "publisher": "US Environmental Protection Agency",
   "title": "Protect Your Home's Water",
   "url": "https://www.epa.gov/privatewells/protect-your-homes-water",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S32",
   "publisher": "US Environmental Protection Agency",
   "title": "Secondary Drinking Water Standards: Guidance for Nuisance Chemicals",
   "url": "https://www.epa.gov/sdwa/secondary-drinking-water-standards-guidance-nuisance-chemicals",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S33",
   "publisher": "US Geological Survey",
   "title": "Domestic (Private) Supply Wells",
   "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources/science/domestic-private-supply-wells",
   "published": "2019-03-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "S34",
   "publisher": "US Geological Survey",
   "title": "Arsenic in Groundwater of Licking County, Ohio, 2012 - Occurrence and Relation to Hydrogeology (SIR 2015-5148)",
   "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5148/sir20155148.pdf",
   "published": "2016"
  },
  {
   "id": "S35",
   "publisher": "US Geological Survey",
   "title": "Water quality of a stream-aquifer system, southern Franklin County, Ohio (WRIR 84-4238)",
   "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/publications/water-quality-a-stream-aquifer-system-southern-franklin-county-ohio",
   "published": "1984"
  },
  {
   "id": "S36",
   "publisher": "Ohio Environmental Protection Agency",
   "title": "Major Aquifers in Ohio and Associated Water Quality",
   "url": "https://dam.assets.ohio.gov/image/upload/epa.ohio.gov/Portals/28/documents/gwqcp/TR_Final_Aquifer-Geochem_Final_11-2015.pdf",
   "published": "2015-10"
  },
  {
   "id": "S37",
   "publisher": "Ohio Department of Natural Resources",
   "title": "Information for Water Well Owners",
   "url": "https://ohiodnr.gov/discover-and-learn/safety-conservation/about-ODNR/geologic-survey/groundwater-resources/water-well-information-owners",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S38",
   "publisher": "Ohio Department of Natural Resources",
   "title": "Submitting Water Well Drilling & Sealing Reports",
   "url": "https://ohiodnr.gov/rules-and-regulations/rules-and-regulations-by-division/geological-survey/submitting-water-well-drilling-sealing-reports",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S39",
   "publisher": "Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules",
   "title": "Section 1521.05 | Well construction logs - well sealing reports",
   "url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-1521.05",
   "published": "2016-01-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "S40",
   "publisher": "Ohio State University Extension (Ohioline)",
   "title": "Septic System Care and Maintenance, AEX-740",
   "url": "https://ohioline.osu.edu/factsheet/aex-740-0",
   "published": "2019-06-28"
  },
  {
   "id": "S41",
   "publisher": "Ohio Environmental Protection Agency",
   "title": "Regulations for home sewage treatment systems",
   "url": "https://ohioepa.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/368/~/regulations-for-home-sewage-treatment-systems",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S42",
   "publisher": "Delaware Public Health District",
   "title": "Operation and Maintenance Frequently Asked Questions",
   "url": "https://www.delawarehealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/2025-QM-FAQs-design-final.pdf",
   "published": "2025-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "S43",
   "publisher": "Licking County Health Department",
   "title": "Guidance for How to Obtain a Household Sewage Treatment System (HSTS) Permit",
   "url": "https://lickingcohealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/HSTS-Permit-Guidance-8-2021.pdf",
   "published": "2021-08"
  },
  {
   "id": "S44",
   "publisher": "Delaware Public Health District",
   "title": "Procedures for Obtaining a Sewage Permit",
   "url": "https://www.delawarehealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/2025-Procedures-for-Obtaining-a-Permit.pdf",
   "published": "2025-01"
  },
  {
   "id": "S45",
   "publisher": "Franklin County Public Health",
   "title": "Regulation 106 - Sewage Treatment Systems",
   "url": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1XbWxNd-B7CrfnjWGVkvN5QFJ6o0I_R6p/view",
   "published": "2021-08-01"
  }
 ]
}