{
 "page": "worthington-water-sewers-and-bathrooms-history.html",
 "url": "https://www.openshowerco.com/worthington-water-sewers-and-bathrooms-history.html",
 "title": "How Worthington, Ohio got its water and its sewers",
 "record": "kb-wave-nine-2026-09",
 "generated": "2026-09-08",
 "how_to_read": "Every sentence on the page traces to one of these claims. status \"verified\" means two independent publishers state it; \"single\" means one named publisher, named in the page's sentence; \"conflict\" means the documents disagree and the page prints both.",
 "claims": [
  {
   "id": "C1",
   "claim": "Worthington was settled in 1803 by New England families from the Farmington River Valley of Connecticut and Massachusetts, under the leadership of James Kilbourne.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "founded Worthington in 1803, the year that Ohio became a state",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "City of Worthington, Ohio",
     "title": "History",
     "url": "https://worthington.org/82/History",
     "published": "undated"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio History Connection (Remarkable Ohio)",
     "title": "39-25 The Founding of Worthington / Worthington, A Planned Community",
     "url": "https://remarkableohio.org/marker/39-25-the-founding-of-worthington-worthington-a-planned-community/",
     "published": "undated"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "US House of Representatives, History, Art and Archives",
     "title": "KILBOURNE, James",
     "url": "https://history.house.gov/People/Detail/16288",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C2",
   "claim": "The Scioto Company was organized as a land company in 1802 with 38 original proprietors from Connecticut and Massachusetts, and bought 16,000 acres of land along the Olentangy River.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "organized as a land company in 1802 with 38 original proprietors",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio History Connection (Remarkable Ohio)",
     "title": "39-25 The Founding of Worthington / Worthington, A Planned Community",
     "url": "https://remarkableohio.org/marker/39-25-the-founding-of-worthington-worthington-a-planned-community/",
     "published": "undated"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "City of Worthington, Ohio",
     "title": "History",
     "url": "https://worthington.org/82/History",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C3",
   "claim": "The City of Worthington says Kilbourne platted a New England-type village of 164 lots around a central public square set aside for religious and educational uses.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "a New England-type village of 164 lots around a central public square",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "City of Worthington, Ohio",
     "title": "History",
     "url": "https://worthington.org/82/History",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C4",
   "claim": "The plan was adopted in Connecticut before the settlers left, and laid out one-acre lots around a village green with farm lots around the village.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "Worthington was established following the New England model",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio History Connection (Remarkable Ohio)",
     "title": "39-25 The Founding of Worthington / Worthington, A Planned Community",
     "url": "https://remarkableohio.org/marker/39-25-the-founding-of-worthington-worthington-a-planned-community/",
     "published": "undated"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "City of Worthington, Ohio",
     "title": "Worthington Design Guidelines",
     "url": "https://www.worthington.org/DocumentCenter/View/156/Design-Guidelines",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C5",
   "claim": "The Ohio legislature incorporated Worthington as a village in 1835, with an elected village council and mayor.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "In 1835, the Ohio legislature incorporated Worthington as a village",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "City of Worthington, Ohio",
     "title": "History",
     "url": "https://worthington.org/82/History",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C7",
   "claim": "Before the public water system, Worthington households drew their water from their own wells and used outhouses.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "Prior to 1911, Worthington residents supplied their own water with wells and used outhouses",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Worthington Libraries (Worthington Memory)",
     "title": "Water Tower, catalog record whs0048",
     "url": "http://www.worthingtonmemory.org/scrapbook/pictures/water-tower",
     "published": "undated"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio State Board of Health",
     "title": "Report on Proposed Water Supply for Worthington, Twenty-seventh Annual Report, pages 417 to 420",
     "url": "https://archive.org/download/annualreportofst1912ohio/annualreportofst1912ohio_djvu.txt",
     "published": "1912"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C8",
   "claim": "The Ohio State Board of Health reported in 1912 that samples from wells throughout the village drawing on the shale formation all showed an objectionably high iron content and total hardness.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "an objectionably high iron content and total hardness",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio State Board of Health",
     "title": "Report on Proposed Water Supply for Worthington, Twenty-seventh Annual Report, pages 417 to 420",
     "url": "https://archive.org/download/annualreportofst1912ohio/annualreportofst1912ohio_djvu.txt",
     "published": "1912"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C9",
   "claim": "In April 1912 the Board's engineer recorded that the village was not supplied with municipal improvements, and that a bond issue for a municipal water supply had been voted during the past year.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "the village is not supplied with municipal improvements",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio State Board of Health",
     "title": "Report on Proposed Water Supply for Worthington, Twenty-seventh Annual Report, pages 417 to 420",
     "url": "https://archive.org/download/annualreportofst1912ohio/annualreportofst1912ohio_djvu.txt",
     "published": "1912"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C10",
   "claim": "The Board's 1912 report described Worthington as a village of about 550 people, about nine miles north of Columbus and half a mile east of the Olentangy River.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "a village with a population of about 550",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio State Board of Health",
     "title": "Report on Proposed Water Supply for Worthington, Twenty-seventh Annual Report, pages 417 to 420",
     "url": "https://archive.org/download/annualreportofst1912ohio/annualreportofst1912ohio_djvu.txt",
     "published": "1912"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C11",
   "claim": "Worthington's health officer reported to the Ohio State Board of Health for 1900 an estimated village population of 443 and, among infectious diseases reported that year, eight cases of typhoid fever.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "Population (estimated), 443",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio State Board of Health",
     "title": "Annual report for 1900, village report for Worthington, Franklin County, pages 319 to 320",
     "url": "https://archive.org/download/annualreportofst1900ohio/annualreportofst1900ohio_djvu.txt",
     "published": "1901"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio State Board of Health",
     "title": "Annual report for 1902, village report for Worthington, Franklin County, pages 381 to 382",
     "url": "https://archive.org/download/annualreportofst1902ohio/annualreportofst1902ohio_djvu.txt",
     "published": "1903"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C13",
   "claim": "On May 3, 1912 Worthington's mayor, G. H. Pagels, asked the Ohio State Board of Health to approve a proposed public water supply for the village.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "a communication was received from Mr. G. H. Pagels, mayor of Wortlrngton",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio State Board of Health",
     "title": "Report on Proposed Water Supply for Worthington, Twenty-seventh Annual Report, pages 417 to 420",
     "url": "https://archive.org/download/annualreportofst1912ohio/annualreportofst1912ohio_djvu.txt",
     "published": "1912"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C14",
   "claim": "The Board approved the supply at its meeting of May 9, 1912, to be drawn from wells on a one-acre site 1,700 feet west of the village corporation line and north of the Dublin and Worthington Pike.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "the State Board of Health approved the proposed water supply for Worthington",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio State Board of Health",
     "title": "Report on Proposed Water Supply for Worthington, Twenty-seventh Annual Report, pages 417 to 420",
     "url": "https://archive.org/download/annualreportofst1912ohio/annualreportofst1912ohio_djvu.txt",
     "published": "1912"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C15",
   "claim": "One condition of the state's approval was that the village council pass an ordinance preventing the establishment of privy vaults, cesspools or other sources of contamination within 1,000 feet of any public supply well.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "the establishment of privy vaults, cesspools, or other sources of contamination",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio State Board of Health",
     "title": "Report on Proposed Water Supply for Worthington, Twenty-seventh Annual Report, pages 417 to 420",
     "url": "https://archive.org/download/annualreportofst1912ohio/annualreportofst1912ohio_djvu.txt",
     "published": "1912"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C16",
   "claim": "A further condition was that the approval would be void unless the supply had been installed before January 1, 1914.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "unless the proposed supply shall have been installed prior to January 1st, 1914",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio State Board of Health",
     "title": "Report on Proposed Water Supply for Worthington, Twenty-seventh Annual Report, pages 417 to 420",
     "url": "https://archive.org/download/annualreportofst1912ohio/annualreportofst1912ohio_djvu.txt",
     "published": "1912"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C17",
   "claim": "The City of Worthington's own history says the village acquired a public water system in 1913.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "a public water system in 1913",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "City of Worthington, Ohio",
     "title": "History",
     "url": "https://worthington.org/82/History",
     "published": "undated"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Ohio State Board of Health",
     "title": "Report on Proposed Water Supply for Worthington, Twenty-seventh Annual Report, pages 417 to 420",
     "url": "https://archive.org/download/annualreportofst1912ohio/annualreportofst1912ohio_djvu.txt",
     "published": "1912"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C19",
   "claim": "The Sanborn Map Company's September 1922 map of Worthington records a stand pipe system fed by two deep well pumps, each rated 100 gallons per minute, pumping to a reservoir of 35,000 gallons.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "Stand pipe system",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Sanborn Map Company, held by the Library of Congress",
     "title": "Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from Worthington, Franklin County, Ohio, September 1922, sheet 1 of 5",
     "url": "https://www.loc.gov/item/sanborn06963_001/",
     "published": "1922-09"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C20",
   "claim": "The same map records a gas-engine duplex pump lifting water from the reservoir to a stand pipe of 50,000 gallons elevated 100 feet above High and State streets, at a domestic and fire pressure of 45 pounds.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "elevated 100' above High & State streets",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Sanborn Map Company, held by the Library of Congress",
     "title": "Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from Worthington, Franklin County, Ohio, September 1922, sheet 1 of 5",
     "url": "https://www.loc.gov/item/sanborn06963_001/",
     "published": "1922-09"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C21",
   "claim": "The 1922 map's key sheet records that Worthington had no house number system, and its index locates the Water Works on West State Street.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "No house number system.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Sanborn Map Company, held by the Library of Congress",
     "title": "Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from Worthington, Franklin County, Ohio, September 1922, sheet 1 of 5",
     "url": "https://www.loc.gov/item/sanborn06963_001/",
     "published": "1922-09"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C22",
   "claim": "Worthington Libraries records that a sewer system for the village was first proposed in council in 1903 alongside a plan for a waterworks, and that plans for the sewer system were presented to the public in 1919.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "the plans for the sewer system were presented to the public in 1919",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Worthington Libraries (Worthington Memory)",
     "title": "Outlay System Photograph, catalog record wpl0023",
     "url": "http://www.worthingtonmemory.org/scrapbook/pictures/outlay-system-photograph",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C23",
   "claim": "A photograph in the Worthington Memory archive shows a Columbus contractor laying the village sewer system about 1920, looking north on High Street from the Dublin Granville Road intersection.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "This image shows Columbus contractor B. F. Patterson laying the sewer system",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Worthington Libraries (Worthington Memory)",
     "title": "Outlay System Photograph, catalog record wpl0023",
     "url": "http://www.worthingtonmemory.org/scrapbook/pictures/outlay-system-photograph",
     "published": "undated"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Trenchless Technology",
     "title": "Root Control in Ohio - The City of Worthington Stays on Top of Its Sewer Maintenance",
     "url": "https://trenchlesstechnology.com/worthington-ohio-stays-top-sewer-maintenance/",
     "published": "2017-08-21"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C24",
   "claim": "Trenchless Technology reported in 2017 that Worthington's oldest sewer pipes were installed in 1920 and that most of the city's sewer pipe is vitrified clay.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "The oldest sewer pipes were installed in 1920 (some even earlier)",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Trenchless Technology",
     "title": "Root Control in Ohio - The City of Worthington Stays on Top of Its Sewer Maintenance",
     "url": "https://trenchlesstechnology.com/worthington-ohio-stays-top-sewer-maintenance/",
     "published": "2017-08-21"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C25",
   "claim": "The same 2017 article reported that 14 percent of Worthington's sanitary sewer system had been built more than 76 years earlier and 52 percent between 51 and 75 years earlier, across 80 miles of sewer in eight districts.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "the bulk of it (52 percent) was constructed between 51 and 75 years ago",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Trenchless Technology",
     "title": "Root Control in Ohio - The City of Worthington Stays on Top of Its Sewer Maintenance",
     "url": "https://trenchlesstechnology.com/worthington-ohio-stays-top-sewer-maintenance/",
     "published": "2017-08-21"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C26",
   "claim": "The City of Worthington says its storm sewers and its sanitary sewers are two different systems that are not connected and operate independently of one another.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "The two systems are not connected and operate independently of one another.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "City of Worthington, Ohio",
     "title": "Sewer Utilities",
     "url": "https://www.worthington.org/317/Sewer",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C27",
   "claim": "The city says its sanitary sewer system carries waste water, wash water and flushable solids to a Columbus sewage treatment plant, and it names no plant.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "carries waste water, wash water and flush-able solids to Columbus' Sewerage Treatment plant",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "City of Worthington, Ohio",
     "title": "Sewer Utilities",
     "url": "https://www.worthington.org/317/Sewer",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C28",
   "claim": "In Worthington the city says sewer laterals, including the wye at the main, are the property owner's responsibility, and that work in the right of way needs its own permit.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "Sewer laterals, including the “wye” at the main, are the property owner's responsibility.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "City of Worthington, Ohio",
     "title": "Sewer Utilities",
     "url": "https://www.worthington.org/317/Sewer",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C29",
   "claim": "Worthington contracts with Columbus Health to regulate home sewage treatment systems and says only 90 properties within the city use one.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "Only 90 properties within Worthington utilize these systems.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "City of Worthington, Ohio",
     "title": "Sewer Utilities",
     "url": "https://www.worthington.org/317/Sewer",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C30",
   "claim": "By 1926 Worthington was getting part of its water from Columbus.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "By 1926 Worthington got part of its water from Columbus.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Worthington Libraries (Worthington Memory)",
     "title": "Water Tower, catalog record whs0048",
     "url": "http://www.worthingtonmemory.org/scrapbook/pictures/water-tower",
     "published": "undated"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Worthington Libraries (Worthington Memory), indexing the Worthington News",
     "title": "Index records for Worthington News items on water and sewers, 1925 to 1960",
     "url": "http://www.worthingtonmemory.org/explore/topics/water-supply",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C31",
   "claim": "Worthington built a new municipal water plant in the middle 1930s, drawing on wells sunk near the Olentangy River, and drilled more wells in 1951.",
   "status": "conflict",
   "quote": "A new water plant was built that drew on wells drilled into underground rivers",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Worthington Libraries (Worthington Memory)",
     "title": "Water Tower, catalog record whs0048",
     "url": "http://www.worthingtonmemory.org/scrapbook/pictures/water-tower",
     "published": "undated"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "Worthington Libraries (Worthington Memory), indexing the Worthington News",
     "title": "Index records for Worthington News items on water and sewers, 1925 to 1960",
     "url": "http://www.worthingtonmemory.org/explore/topics/water-supply",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C32",
   "claim": "The Worthington News index records a story headed \"Columbus Council Passes Ordinances for Worthington Water, Sewer Pacts\" for January 16, 1958, and \"Water plant may be dismantled\" for June 16, 1960.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "Columbus Council Passes Ordinances for Worthington Water, Sewer Pacts",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Worthington Libraries (Worthington Memory), indexing the Worthington News",
     "title": "Index records for Worthington News items on water and sewers, 1925 to 1960",
     "url": "http://www.worthingtonmemory.org/explore/topics/water-supply",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C33",
   "claim": "Today the City of Worthington says its water is provided by the City of Columbus, which also maintains the main water lines, while service lines from the curb to the home are the homeowner's responsibility.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "from the curb to the home are the maintenance responsibility of the homeowner",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "City of Worthington, Ohio",
     "title": "Water",
     "url": "https://www.worthington.org/319/Water",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C34",
   "claim": "The 1940 Census of Housing published Ohio place tables only for places of 2,500 or more, so it published no housing figures for Worthington, whose 1940 population the Census counted as 1,569.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "C-Places of 2,500 to 10,000. See tables 22 to 25.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "US Bureau of the Census",
     "title": "1940 Census of Housing, Volume II General Characteristics, Part 4, Ohio, key to the place tables",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1940/housing-volume-2/housing-v2p4-ch7.pdf",
     "published": "1943"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "US Bureau of the Census",
     "title": "1950 Census of Population, Volume I Number of Inhabitants, Ohio, Table 7, pages 35-24 and 35-27",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/population-volume-1/vol-01-38.pdf",
     "published": "1952"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C35",
   "claim": "The Census Bureau counted 2,141 people in Worthington in 1950 and 1,569 in 1940.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "Worthington*, Franklin, 2,141, 1,569",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "US Bureau of the Census",
     "title": "1950 Census of Population, Volume I Number of Inhabitants, Ohio, Table 7, pages 35-24 and 35-27",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/population-volume-1/vol-01-38.pdf",
     "published": "1952"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C36",
   "claim": "The 1950 census marked Worthington with an asterisk denoting an incorporated place under 2,500 inside an urbanized area, and listed it among the places making up the Columbus Urbanized Area.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "an incorporated place under 2,500 in an urbanized area",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "US Bureau of the Census",
     "title": "1950 Census of Population, Volume I Number of Inhabitants, Ohio, Table 7, pages 35-24 and 35-27",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/population-volume-1/vol-01-38.pdf",
     "published": "1952"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C37",
   "claim": "The 1950 Census of Housing counted 608 dwelling units in Worthington; of the 586 that reported condition and plumbing facilities, 29 had no private bath or were dilapidated and 9 had no running water or were dilapidated.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "Worthington 608 414 179 9 6 586 29 9",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "US Bureau of the Census",
     "title": "1950 Census of Housing, Volume I General Characteristics, Part 5, Ohio, Table 25, page 35-81",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/housing-volume-1/36965082v1p5ch03.pdf",
     "published": "1953"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C38",
   "claim": "In the 1950 Columbus census tract report Worthington village and Riverlea village together formed tract SH-67, which held 713 dwelling units, of which 583 were detached single-unit houses.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "RIVERLEA VILLAGE AND WORTHINGTON VILLAGE",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "US Bureau of the Census",
     "title": "US Census of Population 1950, Volume III Census Tract Statistics, Chapter 13, Columbus, Ohio and Adjacent Area",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/population-volume-3/41557421v3p1ch8.pdf",
     "published": "1952"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C39",
   "claim": "Of the 645 dwelling units in that tract reporting the year they were built, 235 dated from 1919 or earlier, 95 from 1920 to 1929, 110 from 1930 to 1939 and 205 from 1940 or later.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "1919 or earlier 235",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "US Bureau of the Census",
     "title": "US Census of Population 1950, Volume III Census Tract Statistics, Chapter 13, Columbus, Ohio and Adjacent Area",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/population-volume-3/41557421v3p1ch8.pdf",
     "published": "1952"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C40",
   "claim": "The Census Bureau's population estimate for the City of Worthington on July 1, 2024 was 14,649.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "Worthington city, Ohio, 14649",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "US Census Bureau",
     "title": "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places, vintage 2024 (SUB-EST2024)",
     "url": "https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/datasets/2020-2024/cities/totals/sub-est2024.csv",
     "published": "2025"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C41",
   "claim": "The National Park Service records the Worthington Historic District in the National Register of Historic Places under reference number 10000190, with a date published of April 13, 2010, roughly bounded by North, South, Morning and Evening streets.",
   "status": "verified",
   "quote": "Roughly bounded by North, South, Morning, and Evening Sts.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "National Park Service, NPGallery",
     "title": "Worthington Historic District, National Register reference 10000190",
     "url": "https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/10000190",
     "published": "2010-04-13"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "City of Worthington, Ohio",
     "title": "Worthington Design Guidelines",
     "url": "https://www.worthington.org/DocumentCenter/View/156/Design-Guidelines",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C42",
   "claim": "Worthington City Council established its Architectural Review Board in 1967 under Chapter 1177 of the city's codified ordinances, and the board hears requests for approval of exterior changes to buildings and property in the Architectural Review District.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "Council established the Architectural Review Board in 1967.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "City of Worthington, Ohio",
     "title": "Worthington Design Guidelines",
     "url": "https://www.worthington.org/DocumentCenter/View/156/Design-Guidelines",
     "published": "undated"
    },
    {
     "publisher": "City of Worthington, Ohio",
     "title": "Architectural Review Board",
     "url": "https://www.worthington.org/162/Architectural-Review-Board",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C43",
   "claim": "The city's design guidelines say an addition should be located as far as possible to the rear of the original building and should be subordinate in appearance to it.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "Additions should be located as far as possible to the rear",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "City of Worthington, Ohio",
     "title": "Worthington Design Guidelines",
     "url": "https://www.worthington.org/DocumentCenter/View/156/Design-Guidelines",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C44",
   "claim": "The guidelines say the board's review applies to the entire Architectural Review District, and that a property's place in the National Register district, or its label as contributing or non-contributing, shall be of no effect.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "shall be of no effect",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "City of Worthington, Ohio",
     "title": "Worthington Design Guidelines",
     "url": "https://www.worthington.org/DocumentCenter/View/156/Design-Guidelines",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C45",
   "claim": "The Worthington Historical Society says the oldest portion of the Orange Johnson House was built in 1811 by Arora Buttles, a six-room house on thirty-five acres beside the village.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "The oldest portion was built in 1811 by Arora Buttles.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Worthington Historical Society",
     "title": "Orange Johnson House",
     "url": "https://www.worthingtonhistory.org/orange-johnson-house/",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C46",
   "claim": "The society says Orange Johnson, a hornsmith who made combs, bought the property in 1816 and added a Federal-style addition with a fanlight entry and a fireplace in each of its four principal rooms.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "In 1816 Orange Johnson, a hornsmith who specialized in comb-making, bought the property.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Worthington Historical Society",
     "title": "Orange Johnson House",
     "url": "https://www.worthingtonhistory.org/orange-johnson-house/",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C47",
   "claim": "The society reports that a 2011 tree-ring study by the College of Wooster found the trees for the main house were felled in 1810 and 1811 and that beams from the back portion date to 1818.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "trees for main house were felled in 1810 and 1811",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Worthington Historical Society",
     "title": "Orange Johnson House",
     "url": "https://www.worthingtonhistory.org/orange-johnson-house/",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "C48",
   "claim": "The society says the kitchen has its original open fireplace with a large iron crane and bread oven, and calls the house one of the oldest residences standing in its original location in central Ohio.",
   "status": "single",
   "quote": "one of the oldest residences standing in its original location in central Ohio",
   "sources": [
    {
     "publisher": "Worthington Historical Society",
     "title": "Orange Johnson House",
     "url": "https://www.worthingtonhistory.org/orange-johnson-house/",
     "published": "undated"
    }
   ]
  }
 ],
 "conflicts": [
  {
   "claim_id": "C17",
   "a": "The public water system dates from 1913",
   "a_source": "S1, City of Worthington history page, corroborated by S4, the state's May 1912 approval with a January 1, 1914 deadline",
   "b": "The water works were not installed until 1908",
   "b_source": "S8, Worthington Libraries catalog record for the 1920 sewer photograph",
   "printed": "print A because the Ohio State Board of Health's engineer wrote in April 1912 that the village was not supplied with municipal improvements and that a bond issue had only just been voted; a system installed in 1908 could not be described that way."
  },
  {
   "claim_id": "C35",
   "a": "1950 population 2,141",
   "a_source": "S15, 1950 Census of Population, Volume I, Ohio, Table 7",
   "b": "1950 population 2,128",
   "b_source": "S1, City of Worthington history page",
   "printed": "print A because the Census Bureau is the publisher of the count, and name it in the sentence; note in the Sources that the city's own page gives a slightly different figure."
  },
  {
   "claim_id": "C31",
   "a": "The new municipal water plant was built in 1936",
   "a_source": "S7, Worthington Libraries catalog record whs0048",
   "b": "Council took initial steps in December 1933, work was progressing in October 1934, and residents praised the new plant in March 1935",
   "b_source": "S22, Worthington Libraries index of the Worthington News",
   "printed": "print neither year; say the middle 1930s, and say why the sources disagree."
  },
  {
   "claim_id": "C47",
   "a": "The house was built in 1811 and expanded in 1819",
   "a_source": "S23, Worthington Libraries catalog record for the 1905 photograph",
   "b": "Orange Johnson bought the property in 1816 and added the Federal addition; a 2011 tree-ring study dated main-house timbers to 1810 and 1811 and back-portion beams to 1818",
   "b_source": "S20, Worthington Historical Society",
   "printed": "print both, attributed: the society's own account with the tree-ring dates, and the library's 1819 date named as the library's. Do not print a single date for the addition."
  },
  {
   "claim_id": "C2",
   "a": "The Scioto Company was organized in 1802",
   "a_source": "S2 and S1, Ohio History Connection and the City of Worthington",
   "b": "Kilbourne was one of the founders of the Scioto company in 1801",
   "b_source": "S3, US House of Representatives Biographical Directory",
   "printed": "print A because two publishers give 1802 for the company's organization; the House entry may be dating the first move toward it rather than the organization."
  }
 ],
 "sources": [
  {
   "id": "S1",
   "publisher": "City of Worthington, Ohio",
   "title": "History",
   "url": "https://worthington.org/82/History",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S2",
   "publisher": "Ohio History Connection (Remarkable Ohio)",
   "title": "39-25 The Founding of Worthington / Worthington, A Planned Community",
   "url": "https://remarkableohio.org/marker/39-25-the-founding-of-worthington-worthington-a-planned-community/",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S3",
   "publisher": "US House of Representatives, History, Art and Archives",
   "title": "KILBOURNE, James",
   "url": "https://history.house.gov/People/Detail/16288",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S4",
   "publisher": "Ohio State Board of Health",
   "title": "Report on Proposed Water Supply for Worthington, Twenty-seventh Annual Report, pages 417 to 420",
   "url": "https://archive.org/download/annualreportofst1912ohio/annualreportofst1912ohio_djvu.txt",
   "published": "1912"
  },
  {
   "id": "S5",
   "publisher": "Ohio State Board of Health",
   "title": "Annual report for 1900, village report for Worthington, Franklin County, pages 319 to 320",
   "url": "https://archive.org/download/annualreportofst1900ohio/annualreportofst1900ohio_djvu.txt",
   "published": "1901"
  },
  {
   "id": "S6",
   "publisher": "Ohio State Board of Health",
   "title": "Annual report for 1902, village report for Worthington, Franklin County, pages 381 to 382",
   "url": "https://archive.org/download/annualreportofst1902ohio/annualreportofst1902ohio_djvu.txt",
   "published": "1903"
  },
  {
   "id": "S7",
   "publisher": "Worthington Libraries (Worthington Memory)",
   "title": "Water Tower, catalog record whs0048",
   "url": "http://www.worthingtonmemory.org/scrapbook/pictures/water-tower",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S8",
   "publisher": "Worthington Libraries (Worthington Memory)",
   "title": "Outlay System Photograph, catalog record wpl0023",
   "url": "http://www.worthingtonmemory.org/scrapbook/pictures/outlay-system-photograph",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S9",
   "publisher": "Worthington Libraries (Worthington Memory)",
   "title": "Water Works, catalog records cow0061_001 and cow0061_002",
   "url": "http://www.worthingtonmemory.org/scrapbook/pictures/water-works",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S10",
   "publisher": "Trenchless Technology",
   "title": "Root Control in Ohio - The City of Worthington Stays on Top of Its Sewer Maintenance",
   "url": "https://trenchlesstechnology.com/worthington-ohio-stays-top-sewer-maintenance/",
   "published": "2017-08-21"
  },
  {
   "id": "S11",
   "publisher": "City of Worthington, Ohio",
   "title": "Sewer Utilities",
   "url": "https://www.worthington.org/317/Sewer",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S12",
   "publisher": "City of Worthington, Ohio",
   "title": "Water",
   "url": "https://www.worthington.org/319/Water",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S13",
   "publisher": "US Bureau of the Census",
   "title": "1950 Census of Housing, Volume I General Characteristics, Part 5, Ohio, Table 25, page 35-81",
   "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/housing-volume-1/36965082v1p5ch03.pdf",
   "published": "1953"
  },
  {
   "id": "S14",
   "publisher": "US Bureau of the Census",
   "title": "US Census of Population 1950, Volume III Census Tract Statistics, Chapter 13, Columbus, Ohio and Adjacent Area",
   "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/population-volume-3/41557421v3p1ch8.pdf",
   "published": "1952"
  },
  {
   "id": "S15",
   "publisher": "US Bureau of the Census",
   "title": "1950 Census of Population, Volume I Number of Inhabitants, Ohio, Table 7, pages 35-24 and 35-27",
   "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/population-volume-1/vol-01-38.pdf",
   "published": "1952"
  },
  {
   "id": "S16",
   "publisher": "US Bureau of the Census",
   "title": "1940 Census of Housing, Volume II General Characteristics, Part 4, Ohio, key to the place tables",
   "url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1940/housing-volume-2/housing-v2p4-ch7.pdf",
   "published": "1943"
  },
  {
   "id": "S17",
   "publisher": "US Census Bureau",
   "title": "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places, vintage 2024 (SUB-EST2024)",
   "url": "https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/datasets/2020-2024/cities/totals/sub-est2024.csv",
   "published": "2025"
  },
  {
   "id": "S18",
   "publisher": "National Park Service, NPGallery",
   "title": "Worthington Historic District, National Register reference 10000190",
   "url": "https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/10000190",
   "published": "2010-04-13"
  },
  {
   "id": "S19",
   "publisher": "City of Worthington, Ohio",
   "title": "Worthington Design Guidelines",
   "url": "https://www.worthington.org/DocumentCenter/View/156/Design-Guidelines",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S20",
   "publisher": "Worthington Historical Society",
   "title": "Orange Johnson House",
   "url": "https://www.worthingtonhistory.org/orange-johnson-house/",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S21",
   "publisher": "Sanborn Map Company, held by the Library of Congress",
   "title": "Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from Worthington, Franklin County, Ohio, September 1922, sheet 1 of 5",
   "url": "https://www.loc.gov/item/sanborn06963_001/",
   "published": "1922-09"
  },
  {
   "id": "S22",
   "publisher": "Worthington Libraries (Worthington Memory), indexing the Worthington News",
   "title": "Index records for Worthington News items on water and sewers, 1925 to 1960",
   "url": "http://www.worthingtonmemory.org/explore/topics/water-supply",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S23",
   "publisher": "Worthington Libraries (Worthington Memory)",
   "title": "Orange Johnson House, catalog record for a 1905 photograph",
   "url": "http://www.worthingtonmemory.org/scrapbook/pictures/orange-johnson-house",
   "published": "undated"
  },
  {
   "id": "S24",
   "publisher": "Old Worthington Association, held by Worthington Libraries",
   "title": "National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form for the Worthington Historic District",
   "url": "http://www.worthingtonmemory.org/scrapbook/text/national-register-historic-places-nomination-form-worthington-historic-district",
   "published": "2008-12"
  },
  {
   "id": "S25",
   "publisher": "City of Worthington, Ohio",
   "title": "Architectural Review Board",
   "url": "https://www.worthington.org/162/Architectural-Review-Board",
   "published": "undated"
  }
 ]
}