How many houses Central Ohio built each year, 1892 to 2025

Nobody has ever kept one continuous count of the houses Central Ohio built. Two offices have counted, at different times and by different rules: the City of Columbus counted the building permits its own division issued and printed the total in its annual report, in a run reaching from 1892 to 1966, and the Census Bureau's Building Permits Survey counts the housing units that permit-issuing offices authorize, in files reaching back to 1980. This page sets both out with the year, the office and the universe in every sentence, shows where the city disagrees with its own earlier printings, and keeps them apart, because they are not one series. It counts permits and authorizations, never houses finished.

Last updated September 2026 · The City of Columbus's own annual reports in the Columbus Metropolitan Library's digital collection, the Census Bureau's Building Permits Survey files and documentation, and four county auditors' parcel records were read September 2026 · No prices on this page; the Estimate Builder carries those · Part of the knowledge base

What this page counts, and what it does not

The City of Columbus figure is permits of every class issued by one office inside the city limits of the day. The Bureau figure is housing units authorized across a defined universe of permit offices, in a survey whose purpose, the Bureau says, is to provide national, state and local statistics on new privately-owned residential construction. The two are never added here and never subtracted from each other, and neither of the two tables below mixes them: one is the city's own count and the other the Bureau's.

Neither counts a finished house. The Census Bureau defines authorization as the act of a local jurisdiction approving construction projects by issuing building or zoning permits, and lists housing units authorized as the first of five phases of a residential construction project, with units completed as the fifth. The city's line counts permits of every class: in the Classification of Building Projects table in its 1953 annual report, 2,446 of that year's 5,347 building projects were alterations and 1,643 were dwellings, and the table's total equals that year's printed count of building permits issued.

The two records also do not meet. The city's printed count runs out in 1966, and the Census Bureau publishes a county annual file for every year from 1990 forward and none before, its Midwest region place annual files reaching back to 1980. For the years between, the only figure here is statewide: the Bureau's annual history by state gives Ohio 41,704 one-unit housing units authorized in 1972, against 38,306 in 2005, 10,593 in 2009 and 16,009 in 2023.

The city's own count, 1892 to 1966

The oldest run sits inside one volume: the 1917 City of Columbus annual report carries a back-series headed table showing building operations from 1892 to 1918, with a column of permits issued, whose rows in fact stop at 1917. In it Columbus records 1,511 permits issued in 1892, then 1,043 in 1894, 1,032 in 1895 and 629 in 1896, the lowest year it prints; the count passes two thousand in 1905 at 2,138 and reaches 3,141 in 1916.

From 1917 the count comes from the office itself. The Division of Building Regulation reported its year with a single printed line reading number of building permits issued, and that line appears in the annual reports read for this page from 1917 through 1966, under an office name that changes across the run from Division of Building Regulations in 1917 to Division of Housing Inspection and Building Regulations in 1966. Its own reports give 2,117 permits in 1917 and 3,436 in 1919. What the city asked of a dwelling from 1919 onward is on the page on the Columbus building and housing codes of 1919 to 1986, and how those offices came to exist on the page on how Columbus came to inspect its houses.

The 1920s are the busiest decade the city's record shows before the war: the retrospective table in the 1924 report gives 4,750 permits in 1921, 5,767 in 1922 and 7,004 in 1923, and the division's own report for 1925 gives 7,049. Then the count falls year after year, to 3,511 in 1929, 2,544 in 1930, 1,738 in 1931 and 906 in 1933, the lowest figure the record carries for any year after 1899. No report read for this page states a reason, and none is supplied here. The other permit classes and the inspections that division counted from 1925 to 1946 are printed as its reports printed them on the page on Columbus building regulation between the wars.

Through the war years the count falls again, to 2,898 building permits in 1942, 1,139 in 1943 and 1,301 in 1944, which makes 1943 the lowest figure the record carries for any year after 1936. The collection holds no 1943 annual report, and that year's figure survives only in the retrospective tables printed in the 1956 and 1961 volumes, which both give 1,139. Afterward the count climbs, to 3,894 in 1946, 5,320 in 1950 and 5,347 in 1953.

The highest figure the City of Columbus printed in the whole run read for this page is 9,884 building permits in 1959, with 8,481 in 1956, 9,039 in 1957, 9,863 in 1958, 9,108 in 1960 and 9,412 in 1961 around it. A warning belongs with those years: the 1961 volume's table marks its rows for 1957 through 1961 with footnote symbols whose legend was not found on that page or the two either side of it, so what they qualify is not known, and the run's highest figure sits inside that block. The run ends at 8,720 permits in 1962, 8,636 in 1964 and 7,753 in 1966; the collection holds no 1963 volume, and the 1965 volume does not print the line.

Decade by decade, the years of the city's own run that this page carries read as below, with the heading each volume printed above the number in a column of its own, because that heading changes across the run even where the figures are the same series. The 1943 figure comes from the retrospective tables in the 1956 and 1961 reports, which agree on it, and the 1958 figure from the 1961 report's Building Operations 1925-1961 table, the only printing found for that year. Six years for which the city printed more than one permit figure, 1913, 1924, 1926, 1927, 1931 and 1935, are left out of the table and set out one by one in the section below, each figure with the volume it stands in.

How the city classified what it permitted

The 1954 report's Classification of Building Projects names the same category as the 1953 one and counts 1,469 dwellings among that year's 5,303 building permits, with 2,660 alterations.

A second table, headed Classification of Housing Projects, breaks out the housing alone. In the 1925 report the division counted 1,985 one-family dwellings against 385 two-family dwellings, 34 connected dwellings, 30 apartment buildings and 45 stores and apartments, classes totaling 2,479 projects and 3,185 families, far short of that year's 7,049 building permits.

The 1942 report classifies its housing projects as 1,224 one-family dwellings, 129 two-family dwellings, 41 three-and-four-family dwellings and 58 apartments, and a table on the same page counts the height of dwellings as 729 one story, 339 one-and-one-half story and 326 two story. Those housing classes total 1,452 projects covering 1,907 families while the height table totals 1,394, and the report reconciles the two nowhere on the page.

By 1961 the class names have changed again: 2,709 one-family dwellings, 92 two-family dwellings, 89 double duplexes, 33 rows or connected dwellings and 48 apartments, 2,971 housing projects in all, covering 4,343 families. The same page classifies that year's construction as 2,837 frame, 88 brick, 45 concrete block and 1 stone; the page on Central Ohio house styles by era owns what those houses looked like.

Where the city disagrees with itself

The city printed its own back-run more than once: nine of the volumes read for this page carry a retrospective table. They are the 1892-to-1918 table in the 1917 volume and tables headed Building Operations in the 1924, 1925, 1929, 1930, 1933, 1942, 1956 and 1961 volumes. The longest, in the 1961 report, runs from 1925 to 1961 and separates total permits from dwelling permits and dwelling units, as the 1956 report's table for 1925 to 1956 also does; the 1961 table is the only printing found that gives a figure for 1958, and those two are the only printings found that give one for 1943. Eight of the nine carry a dwellings column; the 1917 table does not. None of them was hunted for, so the collection probably holds more.

The largest disagreement is 1913. The 1917 volume prints 2,654 permits issued for that year while the 1924 and 1925 volumes both print 3,888, and the same estimated valuation stands beside the figure in all three, which rules out a shifted row. One printing is wrong and the record does not say which, so both print here and neither is chosen. No fourth printing was found to break the tie: every later retrospective table in the volumes read begins at 1924 or 1925.

The rest are small and they run both ways. The 1942 retrospective table gives 6,289 permits for 1924 where the 1924 report gives 6,288, 6,918 for 1926 where the 1926 report gives 6,915, 5,889 for 1927 where the 1927 report gives 5,859, 1,739 for 1931 where the 1931 report gives 1,738, and 1,134 for 1935 where the 1935 report gives 1,154. Three further printings, in the 1929, 1930 and 1933 volumes, side with the 1926 report on 1926; those three and the 1956 and 1961 volumes side with the 1927 report on 1927; the 1933, 1956 and 1961 volumes side with the 1931 report on 1931; and the 1956 and 1961 volumes side with the 1935 report on 1935. Both sides of each disagreement are the City of Columbus, one publisher disagreeing with itself.

The dwellings column, and what it is not

Eight of those nine tables carry a column headed Dwellings, the closest thing in the city's record to a count of houses. It is not one. For 1924, 1925, 1927, 1930, 1932 and 1935 the column equals that year's own count of building projects classified as dwellings; for 1942 it equals the count of housing projects; and for 1933 it equals the count of families, three different numbers printed side by side. The reports never say which is meant, which is why the column is never called houses or dwelling units here.

The 1924 report carries the column as well: in its Building Operations 1912-1924 table it puts dwellings at 294 in 1920, then 1,073 in 1921, 1,762 in 1922, 2,009 in 1923 and 1,646 in 1924. Read with that caution, the 1942 report's column gives 2,404 for 1925 and then falls to 49 for 1932 and 26 for 1933, and its recovery runs 101 in 1935, 321 in 1936, 521 in 1937, 589 in 1938, 884 in 1939, 1,111 in 1940 and 1,896 in 1941, where the 1956 and 1961 volumes print 1,897 instead.

For 1926 the printings split again. The 1926 volume's own classification and the retrospective tables in the 1929 and 1930 volumes all print 2,377 dwellings, while the 1942, 1956 and 1961 volumes print 2,577. For 1929 they split as well: the 1929, 1930, 1933 and 1942 volumes print 761 and the 1956 and 1961 volumes print 837, which is that year's total of housing projects. The 1956 and 1961 volumes are the only printings found that separate the two quantities at all, under the headings Dwell. Permits and Dwell. Units, and their second column matches each year's count of families.

What the Census Bureau's survey counts

The survey's universe is not the whole country. The Census Bureau says it covers permit-issuing places, meaning jurisdictions that issue building or zoning permits, and that areas where no authorization is required to build a new privately-owned housing unit are not included; its own estimate is that over 99 percent of all privately-owned residential buildings constructed are in permit-issuing places. Its methodology page lists nine universes, from about 10,000 places used from January 1959 to about 20,100 from January 2014, and says that since January 2023 it is updated every year rather than once a decade, holding about 19,900 places.

Three kinds of housing are outside the count: the Bureau excludes manufactured homes built to the federal housing code, publicly owned housing units, and housing units created inside an existing residential or nonresidential structure. Those federal construction and safety standards took effect on June 15, 1976, and what they ask of a bathroom and its plumbing, beside Ohio's park and installation rules, is on the page on manufactured homes and trailer parks.

The single-family category is also wider than a detached house. The Bureau says its single-family statistics take in fully detached, semidetached, row houses and townhouses, and that an attached unit counts as single-family only where a ground-to-roof wall separates it and it shares no heating, air conditioning or utilities. That category is the one-unit figure quoted here.

Where the federal count came from

The federal record did not begin with housing. The Census Bureau says the first federal collection of building permit data was conducted by the United States Geological Survey beginning in 1889, from about 200 cities, to compare the building materials used against the raw materials near those cities, and that it did not count housing units at all. Counting new housing came out of a shortage: the Bureau says Congress requested data on new housing in 1920, after the First World War, that the Bureau of Labor Statistics took the program over and counted new housing units for the first time, and that in the 1920s it published annual data for 257 of the 287 cities of 25,000 people or more.

From 1959 the count of new houses authorized in Ohio has been kept by the Census Bureau rather than by any one city. The Bureau says the work moved to it that year, when a canvass found almost 3,000 permit-issuing places beyond the roughly 7,350 the Bureau of Labor Statistics was already hearing from, and that the basic survey design still used today was set up then. It says data were collected on both residential and nonresidential permits until the nonresidential data were discontinued in 1995.

The long national back-run was published by the Census Bureau in 1966 as Housing Construction Statistics, 1889 to 1964, whose table A-2 is titled United States, new privately-owned housing units started, annually, 1889 to 1964; its own note says that table's figures are in thousands of units and that it excludes the publicly owned housing its companion table A-1 includes. No figure from the volume prints here.

Two columns, not one

Every county file the Bureau publishes carries its figures twice, once as estimates with imputation at fields 7 to 18 of the county record and once as reported only at fields 19 to 30. It defines the first as reported data for monthly respondents plus imputed data for nonrespondents and the second as only reported data for respondents. When a permit office does not report, it says, the missing housing unit data are either taken from its own Survey of Construction, which covers about 900 permit offices, or imputed on the assumption that the ratio of current authorizations to the prior annual total is the same for reporting and nonreporting places.

Two cautions come with that. In the county file for 2003 the reported-only block is an exact copy of the imputed block for all 3,021 county records in the national file, so for that year the two figures are not two figures. And what the twin is for can be seen in Columbus: in the place files for 1994 through 1997 the City of Columbus permit office is recorded as reporting no months at all, so its reported-only one-unit figure is zero in each of those years while its estimate with imputation is 1,964, 1,811, 1,979 and 1,822.

A place in the survey is a permit office

The names in the place files are permit systems rather than geographies, and the Bureau's own footnotes say so. Its 2024 footnote for Columbus says the main portion of the city in Franklin County issues the permits for the other portions in Delaware and Fairfield counties, so Franklin County's total carries units authorized for ground in two neighboring counties. A footnote of the same form is printed for seven more places: Dublin issues for its portions in Delaware and Union counties, Westerville for its Delaware County portion, Reynoldsburg for its Fairfield and Licking county portions, New Albany for its Licking County portion and Canal Winchester for its Fairfield County portion, while Pickerington and Lithopolis run the other way, their main portions in Fairfield County and each issuing for its Franklin County portion.

Two of the systems cover much more ground than their names suggest. The Bureau's 2024 footnote says the system it publishes as Licking County Unincorporated Area covers the entire unincorporated area and also Heath, Newark and Pataskala cities and the villages of Alexandria, Granville, Hebron, Johnstown, Kirkersville and Utica. Marysville, the seat of Union County, has never appeared as a separately listed Ohio place in the Midwest place annual files from 1980 to 2025, and the same footnote file says the system published as Union County Unincorporated Area also covers Marysville city and the villages of Magnetic Springs, Milford Center and Richwood. A county figure follows the permit office, not the ground.

The number of offices listed one by one has fallen, and the files give no reason for it. In Licking County the Bureau's place files carry 32 separately listed permit offices in the 1994 file, 11 in the 1995 file and 5 in the 2024 file; in Pickaway County, 17 in the 2014 file and 4 in the 2015 file. Each of the seven counties also holds a record named County Part. Its 2024 footnote says that permit system includes or covers residential construction of four or more family buildings, for Fairfield, Franklin and Madison counties across the entire county except a list of named cities and villages, and for Delaware, Licking, Pickaway and Union counties in a named list of places; the Bureau's key to its place files adds that a County Part system covers commercial construction as well.

The Columbus office in the place files

The survey carries the City of Columbus's own permit office as a place, and that record is not the city's old annual report count. In the Bureau's place file for 2002 the Columbus office reported 3,196 one-unit buildings, the highest one-unit figure its record shows in any year from 1980 to 2025, and 7,912 housing units of all sizes; in the file for 2019, 512 one-unit buildings, the lowest with imputation in that same window; in the file for 2024, 828 one-unit buildings and 6,084 housing units of all sizes; and in the file for 2025, 907 one-unit buildings and 9,116 housing units of all sizes. In each of those years the office reported twelve months, so its imputed and reported-only figures are the same.

The seven counties, year by year

The county record carries a count of buildings and a count of housing units for each structure type. The table takes three years from the Census Bureau's county series: one-unit housing units for 2008 and 2011, one-unit buildings for 2024, imputed beside reported only.

Across that county series for 1990 to 2025, each county's busiest and quietest years, in one-unit housing units with imputation, are these. Franklin County, 5,727 in 2003 against 1,200 in 2011; Delaware County, 3,061 in 2000 against 491 in 2009; Licking County, 1,257 in 2002 against 153 in 2025; Fairfield County, 1,433 in 2003 against 155 in 2011; Union County, 730 in 2021 against 104 in 2011; Madison County, 404 in 2025 against 24 in 2011; and Pickaway County, 401 in 2025 against 20 in 2009. The reported-only twins are 5,727, 3,061, 1,176, 1,433, 730, 404 and 401 at the busiest years and 1,157, 491, 153, 127, 104, 24 and 17 at the quietest; the Franklin and Fairfield twins are not independent numbers, because both those years fall in the 2003 file. The window is load-bearing: the Bureau's 2025 file moved three of these, and a later file can move any of them. The page on Union, Madison and Pickaway county houses by the numbers carries those three by the Bureau's housing tables.

From the Bureau's county file for 2025: it credits the permit offices of Franklin County with 1,829 one-unit buildings and 1,829 one-unit housing units with imputation and 1,809 of each reported only, Delaware County with 1,637 one-unit buildings with imputation against 1,557 reported only, Fairfield County with 389 against 308, Licking County with 153, Union County with 595, Madison County with 404 and Pickaway County with 401, the last four the same with imputation and reported only.

The 1980s have no county file, so figures for those years are a sum of the place records the Midwest files assign to each county: this wave's own arithmetic, not a county total the Bureau published. On that basis the highest one-unit figures of the 1980s with imputation are 4,584 in 1986 for Franklin County, 634 in 1987 for Delaware County, 542 in 1989 for Licking County, 522 in 1989 for Fairfield County, 172 in 1988 for Union County, 157 in 1989 for Madison County and 184 in 1989 for Pickaway County, each below that county's busiest year in the Bureau's own county file for 1990 to 2024. The warrant for adding place records is that the same sum reproduces the published county file exactly in every year from 1990 to 2024, with twenty-three exceptions in 4,410 county-year measures.

The houses standing today are a third record

A count of the houses standing now is a different record again, kept by a third kind of office. The Franklin County Auditor's parcel extract as downloaded on September 6, 2026 carried 297,465 single-family houses with a usable year built, and its largest decade is the 1950s, with 47,888, ahead of 42,178 from the 1960s and 38,748 from the 1990s. Filtering three neighboring auditors' records on September 7, 2026 to one-family dwellings with a year built left 65,039 houses in Delaware County, 53,446 in Licking County and 47,140 in Fairfield County, which the page on those three counties by the numbers sets beside the Census tables. All three offices default an unknown year built to a round year, so the earliest decade in each is mostly houses whose building year the office does not know.

A permit count and a count of standing houses can never be subtracted from each other to give demolitions, and nothing here does it. The two do not cover the same ground: the city's counts are permits of every class issued inside the Columbus city limits in one year, and the auditors' counts are houses standing across a whole county now. How the houses of those decades were built is set out on a separate page.

What the series cannot say

Three things are missing from both records by construction: a permit issued and never built, a house demolished since, and a house built where no permit was required. The first follows from the Census Bureau's five phases, of which authorization is the first and starting the third; the third from its statement that areas requiring no authorization are not in the survey; the second is this page's own reasoning, because no auditor record read here carries a demolition date.

Work inside a standing house is missing as well, and that is where most bathroom work lives: the Bureau excludes any housing unit created inside an existing structure, so a remodel is outside the survey entirely. The city's modern published permit record does carry that work, and the page on what Columbus permit records show about bathroom work owns those figures.

And no movement in either series is explained here, because neither publisher explains one. A rise is a rise in the number of permits an office issued, or of units it authorized, in one year, and nothing more. What can be said is the shape of the run: a few hundred permits a year in the middle 1890s, a few thousand through the 1920s, a low in the early 1930s and again in 1943, a climb to 9,884 in 1959, and then, in a different record with a different universe, county figures highest between 2000 and 2003 in the four largest counties, with their quietest years scattered from 2009 to 2025.

Sources

Every figure, date and quotation on this page comes from one of these documents, read on the date given. Where two of them disagree, the page says so.

• City of Columbus, Ohio, digitized by the Columbus Metropolitan Library, 1917 City of Columbus Annual Report (the table showing building operations from 1892 to 1918, and the Division of Building Regulations report for 1917), 1918; read September 2026.
• U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey, undated; read September 2026.
• U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey Definitions, undated; read September 2026.
• City of Columbus, Ohio, digitized by the Columbus Metropolitan Library, 1953 City of Columbus Annual Report (Classification of Building Projects, printed page 15), 1954; read September 2026.
• U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey, county annual data files (co1990a.txt to co2025a.txt), 1991 to 2026; read September 2026.
• U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey, Midwest region place annual data files (mw1980a.txt to mw2025a.txt), 1981 to 2026; read September 2026.
• U.S. Census Bureau, New Privately-Owned Housing Units Authorized by Building Permits in Permit-Issuing Places, annual history by state, undated; read September 2026.
• City of Columbus, Ohio, digitized by the Columbus Metropolitan Library, City of Columbus Annual Reports, collection p16802coll28 (the volumes held, and the years absent), undated; read September 2026.
• City of Columbus, Ohio, digitized by the Columbus Metropolitan Library, 1966 City of Columbus Annual Report (Division of Housing Inspection and Building Regulations), 1967; read September 2026.
• City of Columbus, Ohio, digitized by the Columbus Metropolitan Library, 1919 City of Columbus Annual Report (Division of Building Regulation), 1920; read September 2026.
• City of Columbus, Ohio, digitized by the Columbus Metropolitan Library, 1924 City of Columbus Annual Report (Building Operations 1912-1924, printed page 105), 1925; read September 2026.
• City of Columbus, Ohio, digitized by the Columbus Metropolitan Library, 1925 City of Columbus Annual Report (Division of Building Regulation and Building Operations 1912-1925), 1926; read September 2026.
• City of Columbus, Ohio, digitized by the Columbus Metropolitan Library, 1929 City of Columbus Annual Report (Division of Building Regulations, printed page 76), 1930; read September 2026.
• City of Columbus, Ohio, digitized by the Columbus Metropolitan Library, 1930 City of Columbus Annual Report (Division of Building Regulation and Building Operations 1924-1930, printed page 45), 1931; read September 2026.
• City of Columbus, Ohio, digitized by the Columbus Metropolitan Library, 1931 City of Columbus Annual Report (Division of Building Regulation, printed page 48), 1932; read September 2026.
• City of Columbus, Ohio, digitized by the Columbus Metropolitan Library, 1933 City of Columbus Annual Report (Division of Building Regulations and Building Operations 1924-1933, printed page 20), 1934; read September 2026.
• City of Columbus, Ohio, digitized by the Columbus Metropolitan Library, 1942 City of Columbus Annual Report (Classification of Housing Projects and Building Operations 1924-1942, printed page 49), 1943; read September 2026.
• City of Columbus, Ohio, digitized by the Columbus Metropolitan Library, 1944 City of Columbus Annual Report (Division of Building Regulation), 1945; read September 2026.
• City of Columbus, Ohio, digitized by the Columbus Metropolitan Library, 1946 City of Columbus Annual Report (Division of Building Regulation), 1947; read September 2026.
• City of Columbus, Ohio, digitized by the Columbus Metropolitan Library, 1950 City of Columbus Annual Report (Division of Building Regulation), 1951; read September 2026.
• City of Columbus, Ohio, digitized by the Columbus Metropolitan Library, 1956 City of Columbus Annual Report (Division of Building Regulation), 1957; read September 2026.
• City of Columbus, Ohio, digitized by the Columbus Metropolitan Library, 1957 City of Columbus Annual Report (Division of Building Regulation), 1958; read September 2026.
• City of Columbus, Ohio, digitized by the Columbus Metropolitan Library, 1959 City of Columbus Annual Report (Division of Building Regulation, printed page 7), 1960; read September 2026.
• City of Columbus, Ohio, digitized by the Columbus Metropolitan Library, 1961 City of Columbus Annual Report (Building Operations 1925-1961, printed page 10), 1962; read September 2026.
• City of Columbus, Ohio, digitized by the Columbus Metropolitan Library, 1962 City of Columbus Annual Report (Building Regulation, printed page 5), 1963; read September 2026.
• City of Columbus, Ohio, digitized by the Columbus Metropolitan Library, 1964 City of Columbus Annual Report (Division of Building Regulations, printed page 16), 1965; read September 2026.
• City of Columbus, Ohio, digitized by the Columbus Metropolitan Library, 1954 City of Columbus Annual Report (Classification of Building Projects, printed page 15), 1955; read September 2026.
• City of Columbus, Ohio, digitized by the Columbus Metropolitan Library, 1926 City of Columbus Annual Report (Classification of Building Projects, printed page 111), 1927; read September 2026.
• City of Columbus, Ohio, digitized by the Columbus Metropolitan Library, 1927 City of Columbus Annual Report (Division of Building Regulation), 1928; read September 2026.
• City of Columbus, Ohio, digitized by the Columbus Metropolitan Library, 1935 City of Columbus Annual Report (Division of Building Regulations), 1936; read September 2026.
• U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey Methodology, undated; read September 2026.
• U.S. Bureau of the Census, copy at the Internet Archive, Housing Construction Statistics: 1889 to 1964, 1966; read September 2026.
• U.S. Census Bureau, Residential Building Permits Survey Documentation, County ASCII Files, February 9, 2022; read September 2026.
• U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey place explanatory footnotes for 2024 (footnote2024.xls), 2025; read September 2026.
• U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey, county annual file for 2025 (co2025a.txt), 2026; read September 2026.
• Franklin County Auditor, Franklin County Auditor appraisal extract (Outside User Files), August 15, 2026; read September 2026.
• Delaware, Licking and Fairfield county auditors, Delaware County Auditor (the office's site); the three-county auditor figures are wave fourteen's lane, not recomputed, undated; read September 2026.

Common questions